operating systems

operating systems

1. are made up of

   • nucleus: It provides the basic functions of the OS: memory management, processes, files, main I/O and communication functions.
   • command interpreter: Facilitates communication with the operating system through of a control language.
   • filing system: Es la estructura subyacente que un sistema operativo usa para organizar los datos de un disco duro.
     • como
       • FAT: FAT (File Allocation Table) is the simplest file system supported by Windows NT. The FAT file system is characterized by the File Allocation Table (FAT), which is actually a table on which the "top" part of the volume resides. To protect volume, two copies of the FAT are kept in case one of them becomes damaged. Also, the FAT tables and the root directory must be stored in a fixed location in order to be can correctly find the system startup files.
       • EXT3: An extent is a set of contiguous physical blocks, improving performance when working with large files and reducing fragmentation. A simple extent on ext4 is capable of mapping up to 128MiB of contiguous space with a block size equal to 4KiB. The ext3 file system is forward compatible with ext4, making it possible to mount a ext3 filesystem as ext4 and use it transparently. This file system it is used by operating systems such as Linux.
       • NTFS: NTFS (New Technology File System) unlike FAT or HPFS, there is no object "special" on disk and there is no underlying hardware dependency, such as 512-byte sectors. Also, there are no special locations on the disk, such as FAT tables or HPFS Super Blocks.
       • XFS: XFS is a file system conceived initially for the UNIX platform, being later used in Irix and different linux distributions. XFS supports a file system up to 9 exabytes, Although this may vary depending on the limits imposed by the operating system.

2. are classified according to

   • gestion de tareas
     • ARE
       • monotask: An operating system that can only run one process at a time is called monotask.
       • multitask: It is an operating system that allows the execution of several processes at the same time. time using one or more processors. In programming contexts of computers may be modifying the source code of a program during your debugging while compiling another program, while you are receiving email in a background process. interfaces Graphics enhance the usability of applications and allow rapid exchange between tasks for users.
   • User Management:
     • it's divided in
       • single user: They are those OS that support one user at a time. In this scenario not matter the number of processors the computer has or the number of processes or tasks that the user can execute at the same instant of weather. Personal computers have typically been classified in this row.
       • distributed: In this category are all operating systems that comply with simultaneously the needs of two or more users sharing the same resources. This kind of system is used specially in networks. In this category we find operating systems such as: Windows, Mac OS X, Solaris, Linux, Unix among others.
   • resource management:
     • can be
       • centralized: the computing process is performed at a central location, using terminals connected to a central computer.
       • distributed: collection of computers physically separated and connected to each other by a network of distributed communications; Each machine has its hardware and software components that the user perceives as a single system (he does not need to know what is on what machines).
   • mobile devices:
     • What
       • SYMBIAN
       • ANDROID
       • IOS
       • WINDOWS PHONE
       • webOS
       • BADA
   • computers:
     • domestic versions
       • WINDOWS
       • Mac OS
       • VMS Y UNIX
       • LInux

3. multi user:

   • what
     • linux
       • have
         • distributions
           • what
             • red hat
               • fedora
                 • debian
                   • ubuntu
                     • suse
     • mac OS
     • VMS Y Unix
     • WINDOWS

4. SINGLE USER

   • versiones domesticas
   • what
     • MS-DOS

5. LAS FUNCIONES SON

   • gestion de procesos
     • gestion de la memoria
       • gestion de E/S
   • gestion de recursos
     • gestion de comunicadores
       • gestion de archivos