CURRICULUM AIMS AND OUTCOMES

CURRICULUM AIMS AND OUTCOMES

1. Goal Setting in backward design

   • Essential aspect
   • Description for use as planning tools in curriculum development
   • Process which consists of a sequence of activities beginning with needs analysis

2. Goals

   • Objective
     • Specific and concrete description of porpuse
     • Clear description of the focus of a program
     • statement of specific changes
     • Describe what aims seek to achieve
     • Should focus on the learner rather than the teacher
   • Aim
     • General porpuses of a curriculum
     • Statement of a general change
     • Functions
       • Clear defenition of the porpuse
       • Provide guidelines for teachers
       • Focus for instruction
       • Describe important changes
     • Learning porpuses
   • Learning outcomes
     • Identify the observable results
       • What the learner can do
       • Demonstration
     • Describe learner`s participation
   • Competencies
     • Describe aims and outcomes
     • Detailed knowledge
     • Specific skills
       • To achieve the outcome

3. Standards

   • Knowledge and skills
     • Of a discipline
     • Student should be master
   • Don`t prescribe any particular teaching approach

4. Process Outcomes

   • Nature
     • Learning process
   • Focus (Bruner)
     • + knowledge & skills
     • - Outcomes of learning
   • Focus (Stenhouse)
     • Activities
       • Engage
         • Investigation
         • decision making
         • Reflection
         • Discussion
         • Interpretation
         • Making choices
         • Cooperation
   • Detailed specification of learning
     • Not needed