Globalization

Globalization

1. What is "Globalization"?

   • According to various authors:
     • According to the United Nations Poverty and Development Division, globalization is described as “an increasing interaction across national boundaries that affects many aspects of life: economic, social, cultural and political,” (UN staff, 1999)
     • Globalization can be defined as a historical stage of accelerated expansion of market capitalism, like the one experienced in the 19th century with the industrial revolution. It is a fundamental transformation in societies because of the recent technological revolution which has led to a recombining of the economic and social forces on a new territorial dimension“ (Lamy P, 200)
     • “Globalization is the moment of mass migration, multiculturalism, and cosmopolitanism.” (Imre S, 2003)
     • “Cultural globalization is distinguished by a consciousness of dwelling in the world, and a conception of that world as a fluid, interconnected, conflicted, and dynamic whole.” (Melva K, 2003)
   • For us Globalization is ...
     • The process in which the people, companies, and governments of different nations interact and integrate amongst each other. This process is driven by international trade, investment and it is aided by information technology

2. Political Globalization

   • Globalization in politics is when policies, laws, deals and treaties from some countries are imitated in other countries.
     • Which topics does it include?
       • Policies success globalization. | Imitation of constitutions. | International deals | International treaties. | Globalization of political parties ideologies.
     • Positive Aspects
       • Globalization in the political aspect can cause beneficial evolution to the political system. | Reinforce the relationship between countries as its ways to see politics are similar. | Some deals and trades as well as policies can benefit a lot of countries, this happens because of globalization of politics.
     • Negative Aspects
       • When globalizationing politics, some countries may have issues because not all the countries are the same. | Lack of political identity. | Globalization in politics can lead for the seeking of tax avoidance, tax competition and maybe avoiding the law.

3. Economical Globalization

   • It refers to the increasing economic integration and interdependence of national, regional and local economies across the world.
     • Which topics does it include?
       • Expansion of market frontiers | Mutual integration of market frontiers | Trade liberalization | Deregulation | Tax Havens
     • Positive Aspects
       • More efficient markets | Increased competition | Stabilized security
     • Negative Aspects
       • Exacerbating income inequalities, both between and within industrialized and less industrialized nations. | Protectionist Policies prevent many producers in the Third World from accessing export markets. | Competition among developing countries to attract foreign investment leads to a "race to the bottom" in which countries dangerously lower environmental standards.

4. Cultural Globalization

   • Cultural globalization is when ideas, traditions, meanings and values are transmitted around the world to intensify social relations.
     • Which topics does it include?
       • Mix of traditions between countries. | Imitation of food all over the world. | Trade of foreign cultural goods. | Fights between cultures. | Globalization of cultural ideologies.
     • Positive Aspects
       • Cultural globalization can cause a better understanding of different cultures in the world. | Reinforce cultural relationships between countries and states. | As international trading, people can trade their goods and services with a culture different from theirs and learn new things.
     • Negative Aspects
       • Cultural globalization can cause international problems due to ideological and religious differences with other countries. | Globalization in culture can change all cultural aspects in every region until reaching a single culture in the world. | Lack of cultural identity.

5. Social Globalization

   • Social globalization is the transformation of how do the people live, work and interact in an atmosphere influenced internationally.
     • Which topics does it include?
       • International radical movements. | Universal human rights. | Communication through social media (social networks). | Employment, unemployment, and worker rights. | Education and lack of it.
     • Positive Aspects
       • Development of education and it’s methods. | The social movements can give resolutions to big problems, including the opinions of the society. | The global population has rights to take care of each and every human.
     • Negative Aspects
       • Social inequality appears, provoking movements and Nationalistic ideas | Groups like ISIS and Boko Haram (they are against globalization, focusing on the westernization), provoke civil and international wars. | The low quality or lack of education, provoke a high inequality in laboral competition, causing poverty.