atomic structure and isotopes

atomic structure and isotopes

1. first ionisation energy: the energy required to remove one electron of an atom in 1 mole of gaseoustoms

   • increaes across a period as the nuclear charge increases so there is more electron shielding, and the atomic radius decreases so here is greater attraction from the electrons to the nucleus
     • also sharp decrease from the end of 1 period and the start of the next as it gains another shell of electrons but only has 1 on the outershell. more electron shielding, easier to lose the outermost electron

2. successive ionisation energies: the enrgy required to remove each electron of an atom in turn

3. stages of mass spectrometry: vaporisation liquid to gas so it can pass through ionisation turning the atom into an ion so it is charged acceleration: it is passed through an electric or magnetic field to increase the speed. deflection: the detector produces a graph based on the speed at which they hit it. detection: the atom gains it electron or loses it to become neutral

   • uses of mass spec: space exploration, carbon-14 dating, drug detection
   • furthest right peak on the mass spectrometry graph is the Mr