Probabilidiad

Probabilidiad

1. PROBABILITY

   • Probability is the branch of mathematics that measures how likely an event is to happen. It helps us predict outcomes, make decisions, and understand situations that involve chance.
     • Probability is used in games, science, sports, weather forecasts, medicine, and many everyday activities.

2. How is Probability Calculated?

   • Probability is found by dividing the number of favorable outcomes by the total number of possible outcomes. The result can be written as a fraction, decimal, or percentage.

3. Real-Life Applications

   • Probability is used in many real-life situations. Weather forecasts use probability to predict rain, doctors use it to study diseases, businesses use it to analyze risks, and games use it to determine possible outcomes.
     • Understanding probability helps people make better decisions based on chance and data.

4. Types of Probability

   • An impossible event cannot happen and has a probability of 0. A possible event may happen, but it is not guaranteed. A certain event will always happen and has a probability of 1.

5. Favorable Outcomes

   • Favorable outcomes are the results that match the event we are interested in. They are counted and compared with the total number of possible outcomes to calculate probability.
     • Example: When rolling a die, the favorable outcomes for getting an even number are {2, 4, 6}.

6. Sample Space

   • A sample space is the complete list of all possible outcomes of a random experiment. Before calculating probability, it is important to identify every possible result that could occur.
     • Examples: Coin - {Heads, Tails} Die - {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} Traffic light - {Red, Yellow, Green}

7. Random Experiment

   • A random experiment is an activity whose result cannot be known before it happens. Even if the experiment is repeated under the same conditions, the outcome may change each time because it depends on chance.
     • Examples: Tossing a coin, rolling a die, or picking a card from a deck.