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1. UNIT I: Classification and Application of materials in engineering

   • What is a material?
     • Materials are substances from which any thing or any product is made of.
   • Structure of a material
     • The Structure of a material is the arrangement of its components
   • Properties of a material
     • A property is the response of the material to the external forces
       • Important Properties
         • Optical
           • Refractive index, Reflectivity
         • Electrical
           • Conductivity, Dielectric
         • Mechanical
           • Deformation, elastic modulus
         • Thermal
           • Conductivity, heat Capacity
         • Magnetic
           • Magnetic susceptibility, permeability
         • Corrossion
           • Chemical reactivity
     • Classification of Materials
       • Metals
         • Metals are materials composed of one or more metallic elements and sometimes also non metallic elements in very small amounts.
         • Crystalline; Relatively dense; Stiff and ductile; Good conductors of electricity and heat; Opaque an reflective
         • Examples: Alluminium, Steel
       • Ceramics
         • Ceramics are compounds between metallic and non metallic elements.
         • Stiff and strong; Brittle; Insulator of heat and electricity; May be transparent, translucent or opaque
         • Examples: Ceramics capacitor, Porcelaine
       • Polymers
         • Polymers are organic compounds that are chemically based on carbon, hydrogen, etc. They have large molecular structure containing carbon atoms
         • Low density; Not stiff and strong; Ductile; Chemically inert; Decomposes at low temperatures; Low electrical conductivity; Non magnetic
         • Examples: Platic bottles, PVC tubes, Silicon
       • Composite Materials
         • A composite material is composed of two or more individual materials, to get tthe best characteristic of the each of the component material.
         • Examples: Fiberglass, carbon fiber reinforced polymer
       • Advanced Materials
         • Semiconductors
           • Material having electrical properties intermediate between that of metals and insulator. Also, electrical behavior is extremely sensitive to impurities.
             • Examples: Silicon carbides, Mercury iodide
         • Biomaterials
           • These materials are used in component implanted into the human body for replaceent of deseased or damaged body parts.
           • Examples: Finger joint, breast implants, Intraocular lens
         • Smart Materials
           • Are a group of new and state-of-art materials which can sense changes in their environments and then respond to these changes in predetermined way
           • Examples: Magnetic shape memory, Photomechanical materials.
   • Material Selection Process
     • 1. Pick Application: Determine require properties
     • 2. Properties: Identify candidate materials
     • 3. Material: Identify required processing

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