Disparities in Wealth and Development

Disparities in Wealth and Development

1. Measures of Development

   • Human Development Index (HDI)
     • Life Expectancy
     • Literacy, Schooling
     • Standard of Living
   • Infant Mortality Rate
   • Gender-related Development Index
   • Gender Empowerment Measure
   • Education Index

2. Regional Disparities

   • Cumulative Causation Theory
     • Brazil
   • Modernization Theory (5 Stages)

3. SLUMS

4. Job Sector

   • Formal
   • Informal

5. Analyzing Disparities

   • Dependency Theory
   • World System Analysis

6. Trends

   • Gross National Income (GNI)
   • Equality
     • Gini Coefficient
   • Life Expectancy
   • Education

7. UN Millennium Development Goals

   • 1. End Poverty and Hunger
   • 2. Universal Education
   • 3. Gender Equality
   • 4. Child Health
   • 5. Maternal Health
   • 6. Combat HIV/AIDS
   • 7. Environmental Sustainability
   • 8. Global Partnership

8. Reducing Disparities

   • Expanding Trade
     • Export Processing Zones
     • Free Trade Zones
     • China
   • Trading Blocs
     • Expanding Market Access
   • Fair/Ethical Trade
   • Remittances
     • Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)
   • Aid/Debt Relief
     • Top-Down
     • Bottom-Up
     • Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs)
     • HIPC Initiative, 1996
       • Decision Point
       • Completion Point