Materials development for language learning and teaching

Materials development for language learning and teaching

1. History

   • mid-nineties
     • Byrd (1195) Cunningsworth(1995) Graves (1996) Tomlinson (1998)

2. Materials evaluation

   • Establishing criteria and developing evaluation instruments
     • universal
       • can be used to evaluate materials for any learner anywhere.
     • local criteria
       • specific context
       • Tomlinson (2003)
         • the evaluation is focuses on the users of the materials
           • Aim: to identify what they contain, what they ask learners to do and what they say they are trying to achieve.
     • Littlejohn (2011) Byrd (2001) Cunningsworth (1995) McDonough y Shaw (2003Rubdy (2003)

3. Materials adaptation

   • Using the context to optimal congruence
     • Materials, methodology learners, objetives, the target language and the teacher's personality and teaching styles
       • Take into account: The Students, student's opinion or suggestion and the student's evaluation
   • Madsen & Bowen / Candlin & Breen (1980) / Cunningsworth (1984 ) Saraceni (2003) Jolly & Bolitho (2011)Tomlinson & Masuhara (2004

4. Materials production

   • rely heavily on retrieval from repertoire, cloning successful publications and spontaneous ‘inspiration’.
     • How writers write
       • Creativity and Context of the language
     • Principled development of materials
       • - Contextualized/ Motivation and engage

5. Materials exploitation

   • how teachers use their textbooks as resources rather than as scripts
   • The use of coursebooks depends of the experience and the view that the teachers have about coursebook’s value in their teaching context
   • focus on make the most effective use of materials.
   • Tomlinson (2003) Richards & Mahoney (1996) Katz (1996)

6. Issues in materials development

   • The value of textbooks
     • In the eighties, started debates about whether or not the textbook is the best medium for delivering language-learning materials
     • Proponents says that is a cost-effective way of providing the learner a security system and offer teachers the resources they need to base their lessons on.
   • The need for published materials
   • Pedagogic approaches
     • syllabus based on the ‘can do’ the use of PPP approaches experimental approaches text-driven approach
       • The most popular approach at the moment seems to be task-based
         • Tomlinson 1995) (Prabhu 1987) (Eurydice 2006)
   • Authenticity of texts and tasks
     • Aim: use of the language in real contexts learners developed a range of communicative competencies and enhance positive attitudes towards the learning of a language.
     • authentic text
       • is produced in order to communicate rather than to teach
     • authentic task
       • Involves the learners in communication in order to achieve an outcome, rather than practice the language rather than to teach
   • The roles of new technologies in language-learning materials

7. Materials development projects

   • the most have been taken place on projects sponsored by ministries or institutions and a few of these projects have been written up in the literature.
     • some of the more innovative written up in the literature include: - CBSE-ELT Project in India - secondary school coursebook in Namibie - secondary school textbook project in Bulgaria - secondary school coursebook series in Romania (Popovici & Bolitho 2003). - etcetera

8. Research in materials development

   • academic theorists and researchers and that there is very little research into the design and effects of materials and little reseacrh about evaluation
     • why
       • requires longitudinal research involving considerable investments of time and money. It also requires a careful control of variables,

9. Conclusion

   • The current situation
     • Now,, we are much more aware about: the principles and procedures of materials development the teachers are more constructively critical of their coursebooks
   • Gaps in the literatura
     • there are little about: literature on materials development how to encourage teachers and learners to try new types of materials innovative approaches or approaches which help learners to develop their own learning materials
   • The future of materials development

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