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Memory

1. What is memory?

   • 3 processes
     • encoding
       • visual
       • acoustically
       • semantically
     • storage
     • retrieval
   • components
     • duration
       • STM Peterson x2
       • LTM potentially unlimited
     • capacity
       • Miller magic number
       • Simon chunking
       • LTM potentially unlimited
     • encoding

2. Multi Store Model

   • Supportive
     • serial position effect Glanzer and Cunitz
       • Primacy and Regency
       • separate stores in LTM and STM
       • 20 words 1 at a time
     • areas of the brain Beardsley
       • localisation of brain activity
         • Hippocampus in LTM
         • prefrontal lobe STM
       • Patient HM
         • hippocampus memory gateway
   • Against
     • Unitary Stores
       • Clive Wearing
         • different memories
           • Declarative
           • Procedural
     • LTM help STM
       • chunking
       • msm too simple

3. Working Memory Model

   • in the STM
   • Supportive
     • CE Bunge
       • dual and single tasks
         • increase in dual than single
       • decision making store
     • Patient KF
       • STM work separate to LTM
         • problem with STM
         • fine with visual not with auditory
         • brain damage in PL
   • Weaknesses
     • Eslinger and Damasio
       • no decision skills but good at verbal reasoning
       • CE may be split further

4. EWT

   • legal term for interviewing witnesses to a crime
   • Encoding
     • info of event into memorable form
   • Storage
     • retaining the info
   • Retrieval
     • recall info
   • Loftus and Palmer
     • misleading info distort accuracy
     • smash/ collide/ bump/ hit/ contact
       • smash higher speed estimate
   • Yuille and Cutshall
     • questions with 2 leading
     • recall accurate despite misleading q
   • Loftus
     • presence of the weapon moves attention

5. Cognitive Interview

   • police technique to improve quality of EWT
   • Roger Made Charlie Order Chicken Pie
   • supportive
     • Kohnken meta analysis
       • 34% more correct info in CI than NI
       • Lab experiment may not reflect everyday event
         • can't generalise
     • Milne and Bull
       • 4 component individually no difference in groups
       • combo of components recall higher in CI than NI
   • general
     • take up valuable time
     • police forces use them in different ways

6. Techniques

   • Verbal
     • Acronym
     • Acrostic
     • Rhyme
     • Chunking
   • Visual
     • Loci
     • Key word
     • mind map

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