States Of Matter IGCSE CHEMISTRY

States Of Matter IGCSE CHEMISTRY

1. there are 3 states of matter

   • SOLIDS: particles are arrenged in neat rows, they are all touching, they cant move they vibrate
   • LIQUIDS: the particles are all touching,free to move
   • GASES: particles are very far apart but are free to move
   • experiment:
     • water evaporated
     • gas condensed
     • ice melted

2. diffusion

   • diffusion is the random movement of particles from a higher concentration to a lower concentratuon
   • diffusion is much faster in gases than liquids because there is more space between particles
   • in hot water the particles are vibrating more and bump more between each other

3. elements, compounds, mixtures and molecules

   • ATOMS: it is the smallest thing that an object can be broken down into
   • ELEMENTS: a substance made up of only one type of atom
   • COMPOUNDS: two or more different atoms chemically bonded together
   • MIXTURE: two or more atoms mixed together but not chemically bounded
   • MOLECULE: when two or more atoms are chemically bonded a molecule can be a compound or an element

4. solubility

   • SOLUBLE: something that can be disolved
   • INSOLUBLE: something that cannot be disolved
   • SOLUTE: solid that disolves
   • SOLUTION: mixture of the solute and solvent
   • SATURATION: nothing more can be dissolved if the solution is saturated
     • experiment: add spatulas of salt to water until it reaches the saturation point
   • EXPERIMENT: add salt/ potassium n to ethanol/ water
   • to calculate the solubility: mass of solute/ volume of solvent

5. Separating mixtures

   • filtering: an insoluble solid from a liquid (eg. sand and water)
   • evaporation: a soluble solid from a liquid
   • sieving: solids of different sizes( e.g sand and pebbles)
   • distillation: a somvent from its solution(e.g ethanol from wine)
   • chromotography: a mixture of dyes (e.g yellow and red from orange)

Bilder und Dateien der Mindmap