Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence

1. The symbol system hypothesis states that intelligence operates on a system of symbols.

   • The implicit idea is that perception and motor interfaces are sets of symbols on which the central intelligence system operates.

2. Artificial Intelligence began with the “… conjecture that every aspect of learning or any other feature of intelligence can in principle be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it.” (McCarthy, Minsky, Rochester, & Shannon, 1955, p. 1).

   • A short excursion into modern science fiction may well show what is expected to be an intelligent human-like robot.
     • What can be seen are autonomously acting humanoid robots whose appearance and behaviour can not be held apart from the human ones.
       • It becomes evident that for a humanoid robot it is not sufficient to look like a human being but to be able to recognize and simulate emotions (and actions).

3. The recent strategy is to test the limitations of the physical grounding hypothesis by building robots which are more independent and can do more in the world.

   • Goal-directed behavior emerges from the interactions of simpler non goal-directed behaviors.
   • If general AI were to be achieved, this might also lead to superintelligence.