Nervous

Nervous

1. Central Nervous System

   • Spinal Chord
     • Relays Information to and From the Body
     • Quick Reflexes
   • Brain
     • Cerebrum
       • Frontal Lobe
         • Controls Conscious Thought, Voluntary Musclel, Speech
       • Parietal Lobe
         • Receives Sensory Impulses, Body Awareness
       • Temporal Lobe
         • Hearing, Smell, Language
       • Occipital Lobe
         • Vision
     • Cerebellum
       • Coordinates Body Movements
     • Thalamus
       • Relay Center
     • Hypothalamus
       • Controls Emotion
       • Temperature Control
       • Interface with the Endocrine System
     • Limbic
       • Basic Emotions
       • Basic Reflexes
     • Brain Stem
       • Midbrain
         • Reticular Activating System
         • Muscle Tone
       • Pons
         • Respiratory Pattern, Depth
       • Medulla Oblongata
         • Controls Respiartory Rate, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure

2. Neural Tissues

   • Neurons
     • Sensory
     • Nerve Cells
       • Axons
         • Sheathed
         • Unsheathed
       • Synapse
         • Presynaptic
           • Neurotransmitters
             • Synaptic Vessels
         • Synaptic Cleft
         • Membrane of Post Synaptic Cleft
       • Dendrites
       • Neuroglia
         • Astrocytes
         • Ependymal Cells
           • Secrete Cerebrospinal Fluid
           • Enclose Spaces Inside Brain And Spinal Chord
         • Microglial Cells
           • Phagocytize Bacterial Cells and Cellular Debris
         • Oligo Dendrocytes
           • Shwann Cells
             • Nodes of Ranvier
               • Intervals Between Shwann Cells
             • Myelinated Nerves
               • AKA White Matter
               • Action Potential Jumps Between These
     • Interneurons
     • Motor
     • Multipolar
     • Bipolar
     • Unipolar

3. Peripheral Nervous System

   • Physiology of Sensation
     • Sensory Receptors
       • General Senses
         • Nociceptors = Pain
           • Phantom Pain
             • Pain Where Body Part is No Longer Present
           • Referred Pain
             • Shares Spinal Pathways
         • Thermoreceptors = Temperatures
         • Chemoreceptors = Chemical Levels
         • Mechanoreceptors = Physical Changes
           • Encapsulated Nerve Endings
             • Fewer, Sense Only, Substantial Changes
           • Free Nerve Endings
             • Numerous, Sense Light touch and Small Vibrations
           • Neuropathy
             • Damage of Nerve Endings
               • Weakness, Tremors and Mild Pain
         • Baroreceptors = Automatic Functions
           • Regulates Cardiovascular Functions to Maintain Sufficient Cardiac Output
           • "Stretch" Produced in Great Vessels
       • Special Senses
         • Taste: Mouth
           • Taste Receptors Respond to Primary Taste Sensations
             • Sweet
             • Salty
             • Sour
             • Bitter
         • Smell: Upper Nasal Cavity
           • Olfactory Cells
             • Respond to Chemicals Dissolved in Mucus Covering Cells
             • Transmitted Directly to Cerebral Cortex Without First Being Filtered By Thalamus
               • Close Connection to Emotional Centers in the Brain
                 • Associate Feeling/ Memory with Specific Smell
         • Sight
           • Globe
             • Fibers Tunic (Outermost Layer)
             • Vascular Tunic (Middle Layer)
             • Neutral Tunic/ Retina (Innermost Layer)
           • Lens
             • Focusses Images to See
           • Iris
             • Color of Eye
         • Hearing
           • External Ear
             • Pinna
             • Auditory Canal
           • Middle Ear
             • Tympanic Membrane
             • Malleus
             • Incus
           • Inner Ear
             • Semicircular Canals
             • Stapes
             • Oval Window
             • Vestibular Nerve
             • Cochlear
             • Vestibule
             • Round Window
             • Eustachian (Auditory) Tube
         • Balance: Inner Ear
           • Otoliths
             • Saccule
               • Info From Mass of Fluid to Capture Linear Movements
             • Utricle
               • Monitors Degree of Head Tilt
             • Proprioception
               • Keeps You Upright and Aware of Your Position in Space
   • Anatomy of Peripheral Nervous System
     • Somatic
       • Brain to Voluntary Muscles
         • You Control Ex. Raising your hand
     • Autonomic
       • Sympathetic
         • Fight or Flight
           • Adrenal Gland Produce Adrenaline
       • Parasympathetic
         • Rest and Digest
           • AKA Feed and Breed
           • Lowers Heart Rate, Lower BP, Constricts Pupils, Raise Digestion Rate
     • 12 Cranial Nerves
       • 1. Olfactory
         • Sensory: Smell
       • 2. Optic
         • Sensory: Vision
       • 3. Oculomotor
         • Motor: Muscles of Eyes, Constriction of Pupils
       • 4. Trochlear
         • Motor: Downward Gaze
       • 5. Trigeminal
         • Both: Sensation of Scalp, Forehead, Face
       • 6. Abducens
         • Motor: Lateral Movement of Eyeball
       • 7. Facial
         • Sensory: Motor to Facial Expression
       • 8. Vestibulocochlear
         • Sensory: Hearing and Balance
       • 9. Glossopharyngeal
         • Both: Taste to Posterior Tongue
       • 10. Vagus
         • Both: Motor Function to Soft Palate, Pharynx, larynx
       • 11. Spinal Accessory
         • Motor: Motor to Innervation of Soft Palate, Pharynx
       • 12. Hypoglossal
         • Motor: Motor Tongue and Throat
     • Spinal Nerves
       • 31 Pairs