CRANIAL PAIRS

CRANIAL PAIRS

1. I. OLFACTORY NERVE

   • FUNCTION: sensitive
     • REAL ORIGIN: bipolar cells of the olfactory mucosa or yellow spot at the top portion of the nostrils
       • WHERE IT ARRIVES: inferiors face of the olfactory bulb located on the cribriform plate
         • SPECIFIC FUNCTION: perception of scents

2. II. OPTIC NERVE

   • FUNCTION: special sensory (vision)
     • REAL ORIGIN: layer of retinal ganglion cell
       • WHERE IT ARRIVES: previous angle of the optic chiasm
         • SPECIFIC FUNCTION: visual acuity, color vision, visual field, fundoscopy

3. III. OCULOMOTOR NERVE OR OCULOMOTOR

   • FUNCTION: engine, parasympathetic and sympathetic
     • REAL ORIGIN: oculomotor nucleus in the midbrain superior colliculus *parasympathetic fibers: ciliary ganglion *sympathetics: superior cervical sympathetic ganclio
       • WHERE IT ARRIVES: interpeduncular fossa (midbrain)
         • SPECIFIC FUNCTION: eye movements, pupillary reflexes direct and consensual (along with the optic), convergence (test of accommodation)

4. IV PATETICO NERVE OR TROCHLEAR

   • FUNCTION: voluntary ENGINE
     • REAL ORIGIN: trochlear nucleus (tegmentum of midbrain inferior colliculus level)
       • WHERE IT ARRIVES :both sides of the frenulum of the inferior colliculus (on the dorsal side of the midbrain)
         • SPECIFIC FUNCTION: eye movements, lead the eye down and out.

5. VI. ABDUCENS NERVE OR ABDUCENS

   • FUNCTION: ENGINE
     • REAL ORIGIN: protuberance
       • WHERE IT ARRIVES :ponto-bulbar groove, cefalico to piramides bulb (ventral brainstem)
         • SPECIFIC FUNCTION: the lateral rectus muscle penetrates, allows movement of the eyeball

6. V.TRIGEMINAL NERVE

   • FUNCTION: mixed overall sensitivity, facial-engine voluntary
     • REAL ORIGIN: has four cores: * Engine core (chewer) on the bridge,* Gelatinous nucleus (pain, temperature) first cervical segments,* Principal sensory nucleus (touch / pressure) on the bridge ,* Mesencephalic nucleus (proprioception) in the midbrain
       • WHERE IT ARRIVES : lateral side of the bridge brainstem (brachiapontis)
         • SPECIFIC FUNCTION: driving pulses sensations of touch, painful and thermal scalp, face and oral cavity

7. VIII.AUDITORY / OR VESTIBULOCOCLEAR / OR ACOUSTIC

   • FUNCTION: vestibular sensory-hearing
     • REAL ORIGIN: * Cochlear branch: gangli on of Corti * Vestibular branch: vestibular ganglion or of Scarpa
       • WHERE IT ARRIVES: I groove pontine bulb next 7
         • SPECIFIC FUNCTION: hearing and balance

8. VII. FACIAL NERVE

   • FUNCTION: MIXED PULSES LEADS FOUR PATTERNS ,* ENGINES,* Parasympathetic (secretory), * Special sensitive ,* General sensitive
     • REAL ORIGIN: motor fibers in the facial nucleus (bridge) * Parasympathetic fibers arise from the superior salivary nucleus bulb * Gustatory sensory fibers reach the core of the bulb (geniculate ganglion)
       • WHERE IT ARRIVES: lateral end of the groove pontine bulb next to the VI
         • SPECIFIC FUNCTION: sensitivity to the above 2/3 of tongue, innervate the muscles of the face, mimicry and control of the middle ear

9. IX.NERVE GLOSSOPHARYNGEUS

   • FUNCTION: mixed (engine, parasympathetic secretory sensory.)
   • REAL ORIGIN: engine: ambiguous nucleus in the bulb* sensitive: node petrosal
   • WHERE IT ARRIVES: groove top end post-olivar
   • SPECIFIC FUNCTION: 2/3 subsequent sensitivity of language, helps swallowing, chewing and salivation

10. X. VAGUE OR NERVE PNEUMOGASTRIC

    • FUNCTION: mixed (engine, parasympathetic secretory sensory.)
      • REAL ORIGIN: voluntary motor fibers: born in the portion of portion craneal flow as core ambiguous (for swallowing and vocal cords),* parasympathetic efferent fibers secretomotor, visceral involuntary core nacen gustatory bulb,*
        • WHERE IT ARRIVES: groove retroolivary (rear side) flow to origin of glossopharyngeus
          • SPECIFIC FUNCTION: gag reflex, swallowing. lifting the velum.

11. XI.SPINAL NERVE OR ACCESSORY

    • FUNCTION: engine
      • REAL ORIGIN: back body of the substance gray, medullary (c1-c5 spinal segments
        • WHERE IT ARRIVES: groove anterolateral spinal cord
          • SPECIFIC FUNCTION: shoulder movement resistance, resistance against head turns

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