ASL Expansion

ASL Expansion

1. Contrasting

   • Contrasting 2 things by stating both to emphasize 1
     • English: either +/- statement

2. Faceting

   • Several signs to express one idea; used to narrow down concept/more specific image/coney a single idea
     • Detail info -> fewer lexical items in English, still have clear picture
       • change of tone?
     • sometimes less English words required
       • interpreting every word not necessary, can cause unnatural interpretation w/o pauses
         • Does hearing consumer have time to digest information? To understand message?
     • May use Adjectives or Adverbs

3. Reiteration

   • Sign used both before or after a concept; repeat certain detail
     • Enhance, Clarify, Heighten, Specify
     • May need to eliminate one or combine using one term

4. Utilizing 3-D Space

   • 3-D visual Language, uses spatial info
     • What info is crucial to message?
       • Use time words/ past tense instead?
       • Describe a scene or layout, assign people/things/ides to locations, painting a picture?
     • How much detail is needed?
       • Too little: "dead air"
       • Too much: unnatural and distracting

5. Couching

   • Background or contextual info is added
     • ASL: high context VS English: low context
       • Omit what is not necessary
         • Description lasts long? Interpreter omits? Dead air time?
           • Include some, ensure audience stays involve
       • Decide if English audience is sufficiently aware of meaning

6. Explaining by Example

   • ASL uses more
   • Category
   • Not every item needs to be spoken, or any
     • Especially if it is one that doesn't need examples

7. Describe, Then Do

   • Narrative -> role of person speaking
     • Indirect address, aka reported speech
     • Direct address, direct dialogue, role shift, direct discourse
       • Less used in English; only storytelling, jokes, speaking to children, to dramatize a point
         • exact words are important
       • ASL: used both formal and informal; acts out roles using body shift; uses 1st person
         • story w/ signer + others, story w/o signer, dramatize monologue

8. Third Person in Personal Stories

   • changing 2nd into 3rd
     • Not easy task
   • 2nd is never used w/ indirect

9. Introducing Each New Speaker

   • use direct address, must introduce each new speaker
     • Use body shift to indicate different person
     • English interpretation: need to identify who is speaking, but no literal interpretation
       • Should use indirect address in most cases

10. Choosing a Direct or Indirect Interpretation

    • Is gender known?
      • No? then no indirect
        • Make it awkward
        • Not capture meaning
          • Lose impact
    • What type of discourse speaker is using? Who is the audience? What the speaker's purpose is?
      • successful: audience can differentiate between the speaker's personal comments & comments of other people
      • indirect address is preferred method

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