Geography

Geography

1. Things we need for settlements

   • food
     • crops like olives, barley, corn,wheat
     • pigs, goats, cows, fish
   • water for drinking, cooking, washing
   • houses or shelter
   • transport
     • water, ships
     • horses, bulls
   • safety like guard dogs, wall, or on top of hill

2. Urban City

   • work in offices & factories
   • large schools, universities
   • apartments, modern houses
   • electronic games, theatres for entertainment
   • new clothes
   • fast internet
   • cars & trains for transport

3. Rural village

   • grow crops
   • farmhouses
   • small schools
   • work on farms
   • play games, go hunting for entertainment
   • horses or bicycles for transport
   • slow internet
   • old clothes

4. Power

   • Electricity is made in the power station then it goes to the pylons. It is carried by wires to the light switch, then from the light switch to the light bulb.
   • Coal-fired power station
     • Coal is brought to the station then crushed into powder.
       • Coal is then put into a furnace which burns the coal and heats up water.
         • The water becomes steam which turns the turbines.
           • The turbines generate electricity.
             • The electricity travels through cables and over pylons and into people's homes.
     • HOW IT WORKS
   • Renewable Energy
     • Disadvantages: Wind turbines depend on the right weather, a lot of land is needed, the technology is expensive, cannot be used everywhere, wind turbines can be noisy, hydroelectric systems can harm environments and wildlife and energy is produced at a slower rate.
     • Types: water, solar, windmill
     • Advantages: They can be large or small scale, they produce less CO2 gas, they can provide many jobs, the cost does not change much, solar panels are cheap to maintain and renewable sources will not run out.
   • Non-renewable Energy
     • Types: oil and coal.
   • Oil-fired power station
     • Disadvantages: Oil is very expensive compared to coal or gas and burning oil produces CO2.
     • Advantages: There is less pollution, oil is easy to transport via pipe or ship and lots of electricity can be generated quickly.
     • HOW IT WORKS
       • Oil is pumped to the power station from a refinery.
         • Oil in the furnace is used to create steam by heating water.
           • The steam then turns the blades of the turbines.
             • The turbines are connected to a generator which makes electricity.
               • The electricity is sent to pylons and then to homes.
               • The steam is cooled in the cooling tower.

5. Resources

   • Efficiency: use resources as wisely as possible.
   • Ways to conserve resources
     • Save food by eating leftovers
     • Donate extra items to foodbanks
     • take showers instead of baths
     • turn off the tap when brushing teeth
     • Compost (use food waste to grow vegetables)
     • turn off lights and radiators in rooms that are not being used
     • fix leaking taps
   • Conservation: use as little resources as possible.
   • Food
     • Reasons why people are going hungry
       • war
       • climate change
       • global warming
       • poverty
       • low food production
       • natural disasters like drought
     • CO2 from cars & power stations cause global warming
       • The Earth heats up which causes extreme weather
         • Less food and water are available so people go hungry.