wake up dad

wake up dad

1. Respiratory Tract

   • Upper Respiratory Tract
     • Nose, mouth
       • nasal cavity
         • roof : ethmoid +sphenoid bones
         • floor: hard palate
         • medial wall: septum
         • lateral wall: medial orbit, maxillary sinuses,ethmoidal air cells
         • from nares to the nasopharynx
       • oral cavity
         • floor: tongue
         • roof : hard palate
         • from lips to the palatoglossal fold
     • Nasal sinuses
       • 2 frontal
       • 2 ethmoidal
       • 2 maxillary
       • single sphenoid
     • Pharynx
       • Nasopharynx
         • Extends from skull Base superiorly to the soft palate inferiorly
         • The nasopharyngeal tonsil lies in the roof
         • The pharyngeal opening of ET lies in the lateral wall
       • Oropharynx
         • From the soft palate superiorly to tip of epiglottis inferiorly
         • Communicates
           • Anteriorly with the oral cavity
           • Superiorly with the nasopharynx
           • Inferiorly with the hypopharynx
       • Laryngopharynx
         • From the tip of epiglottis superiorly to the lower border of cricoid cartilage Inferiorly
         • Communicates
           • Anteriorly with the Larynx
           • Superiorly with the oropharynx
           • Inferiorly with the esophagus
     • Larynx
       • A cartilaginous skeleton
       • Membranes and ligaments
       • Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles
       • Mucosal lining
   • Lower Respiratory Tract
     • Trachea
     • Bronchial tree
     • Lung

2. Examination of Respiratory System

   • inspection : including looking for skin discoloration,cynosis ,Conjunctival pallor ,..etc
   • palpation: looking for swelling ,organomegaly,edema...etc
   • Auscultation: looking for abnormal sounds
   • percussion

3. sleep apnea

   • Risk Factors
     • Obesity
     • Central fat distribution
     • Being male
     • Being older
     • Family history Smoking ;,Use of alcohol, Use of sedatives. Supine sleep position
   • Complications
     • Daytime fatigue
     • Hypertension
     • heart problems
     • Stroke
     • Pulmonary hypertension ,Type 2 diabetes ,Metabolic syndrome ,Abnormal cholesterol
   • Management
     • 1-Continuous positive airway pressure
     • 2-Expiratory positive airway pressure
     • 3-Oral appliances
     • 4-Surgery
       • 1-Tissue removal
       • 2-Jaw reposition
       • 3-Implant plastic rods in soft palate
       • 4- Tracheostomy

4. Snoring

   • Causes
     • Overeating and/or Lack of Exercise, Alcohol and Sleeping Pills, Smoking Sleeping Position ,Allergy, Nasal Stuffiness, Mouth Breather, Small or Collapsing Nostrils ,Tongue Base Snorer ,Multifactoral Snoring
   • Features
     • Small or collapsing nostrils Deviated septum Nasal congestion and catarrh Enlarged nasal turbinates and nasal polyps Large soft palate or uvula

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