Demographic transition model

Demographic transition model

1. Stage 1

   • Birth rates and death rates are both high (35-40 per 1000) and flucuate
   • Theres poor hygenie, sanitation, little piped water and no sewage disposal
   • there is hardly any medical science, few doctors or vaccines hospitals are basic
   • Dieseases such as bubonic plague and cholera are rife causing a high death rate
   • examples: none, no country is still a stage 1 country

2. Stage 2

   • Children die frequently so parents decide to have more in hope several will survive
   • In some cultures( catholic, hindus and muslim) children are a sign of virility
   • many children are needed for agricultural purposes
   • improvements in sanitation and food supply reduce death rate
   • Birth rate remains high, but death rate falls rapidly to 20 per 1000 making a rapind total population growth
   • Examples: sub-saharan africa, afghanistan

3. Stage 3

   • emancipation of women allows women to have careers
   • A lower infabt mortality leads to a smaller pressure of needing to have children
   • Birth rate falls rapidly, around 20 per 1000 while death rate continues to fall meaning an increase in total population
   • improvements in medical care lead to a reduction in child mortality
   • Relax in religious beliefs means that theres a higher use of contraception
   • Examples: jamaica, Zimbabwe Brazil

4. Stage 4

   • Family planning, contraception, abortion etc lead to a rapidly reducing birth rate
   • Both birth and death rates remains low (12-16 per 1000) population remains steady
   • as people become more materialistic the desire to have children becomes smaller
     • Children also become alot more expensive to look after so birth rates fall further
   • Examples: UK, Denmark,