infection control program

infection control program

1. good health

   • Good hygiene or cleanliness is a basic requirement
     • Education programs for employees and volunteers are one method to ensure competent infection control practices
       • Education programs for employees and volunteers are one method to ensure competent infection control practices
   • programs first began in the 1950s in England
     • the healthcare system when managed care networks became the preferred method for delivery of healthcare
       • Infection control programs had to encompass not only hospitals but also the long-term care facility
         • infections are a major cause of mortality and morbidity and provide challenge to clinicians.
           • Measures of infection control include identifying patients at risk of nosocomial infections
             • observing hand hygiene
               • following standard precautions to reduce transmission and strategies to reduce VAP, CR-BSI, CAUTI.
                 • Environmental factors and architectural lay out also need to be emphasized upon
                   • Infection prevention in special subsets of patients
                     • include identifying sources of organism, identification of organisms, isolation if required, antibiotic prophylaxis to be used selectively
                       • Room ventilation, cleaning and decontamination
                         • Patient at risk of nosocomial infections There are patient, therapy and environment related risk factors for the development of nosocomial infection
                           • Age more than 70 years ,Shock, Major trauma, Acute renal failure ,Coma Prior, antibiotics Mechanical ventilation, Drugs affecting the immune system ,(steroids, chemotherapy) Indwelling catheters Prolonged ICU stay
               • hand hygiene Hands are the most common vehicle for transmission of organisms and “hand hygiene” is the single most effective means of preventing the horizontal transmission of infections among hospital patients and health care personnel
                 • five moments for hand hygiene
                   • Before touching a patient, Before aseptic procedures, After body fluid exposure/risk, After touching the patient , After touching the patient's surrounding
                     • Follow the precautions
                       • standard precautions
                       • Airborne precautions
                       • transmission-based precautions
                       • Contact precautions
                       • Droplet precautions