Ionic Bonding

Ionic Bonding

1. electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions

   • happens between a metal and a non-metal

2. e.g.- NaCl

   • Na+ Cl-
   • giant ionic lattice shape
   • cube shaped

3. key ions

   • NO3- nitrate
   • CO32- carbonate
   • SO42- sulfate
   • NH4+ ammonium

4. e.g.- MgO

   • Mg 2+ O 2-

5. behaviour

   • conduct electricity when molten or dissolved NOT when in solid
     • ions in liquid are free to move 'delocalised'
     • ions in solid are fixed in place by strong ionic bonds, 'localised'
   • have high melting points
     • giant ionic lattices held together by strong electrostatic forces
       • a lot of energy is needed to overcome these forces
     • e.g.- NaCl 801 degrees C
   • ions tend to dissolve in water
     • polar water molecules pull ions away from lattice causing them to dissolve

6. ions are formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another