Copper

Copper

Activity
1. Prosthetic group - enzyme activator. Enzyme will not function without it
2. Haemoglobin synthesis
  1. Cu part of the enzyme Ceruloplasmin which facilitates release of Fe from Ferritin in the liver
    1. Fe is used in the spleen and bone marow to form Haemoglobin
  2. Haemoglobin deficency results from 1) Fe deficency 2) Cu deficency 3) Co deficency
3. Bone Growth
  1. Controlled by Osteotypes
  2. Cu needed so that osteoblast (build bone) activity occurs
  3. Deficient - reduced mineralisation result in fractures
4. Nervous System
  1. Cu responsible for an enzyme which maintains the myelin sheath.
  2. If not maintained, cross firing occurs e.g. discoordination and swayback in lambs.
5. Cardiovascular system
  1. Cu need by the enzyme responsible for elastin formation
    1. Need elasticity to prevent sudden aortic ruptures as blood pressure buids
    2. Deficient - Falling disease in Cattle
6. Melanin Synthesis
  1. Enzyme dependent on Cu to regulate melanin activity
  2. Deficiency = de-pigmentation around the eyes 'spectral appearance' or loss of wool crimp as disulfide bonds break
Requirements
1. Dairy Cows 10mg/kg DM
2. Beef & Sheep 5mg/kg DM
Supply
1. Forage 6-12mg/kg DM
2. Cereals 4-10mg/kg DM
3. Oilseeds 10-30mg/kg DM
Calcareous soils (Teart Pastures)
1. Molybdenum (Mo) present in these soils (20-100mg/kg DM) as is Sulphur
  1. S and Mo lock up Cu in Copper thiomolybdate
  2. Mo + S + Cu ------> CuMoS4
2. Fe will also lock up Cu
Toxicity
1. Pigs tolerate high [Cu] and can promote growth
2. Sheep not tolerant so will not be included in free access mineral block.
3. Cattle can have mineral blocks with it in.
Treatment
1. Inject CuSO4 or provide in a bullet which lodges in the reticulum and release a controlled amount over a period of time.

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	Erstellt von Greg Parkes vor fast 11 Jahre