Chapter 4: Research Methods

Chapter 4: Research Methods

1. TUSKEGEE EXPERIMENT: Three Ethics Violations

   • 1. Not treated respectfully
   • 2. Were harmed
   • 3. Researchers targeted a disdvantaged group

2. BELMONT REPORT: Three Ethical Principles

   • 1. Principle of Respect for the person
     • Treat participants as autonomous agrents
       • APPLIED:
         • informed consent, protecting vulnerable participants, not being coercive or influencing
   • 2. Principle of Justice
     • fair balance between kinds of people who participate in a study and kinds of people who benefit from it
       • APPLIED
         • ensure participants are representative of ppl who would benefit from results
   • 3. Principle of Beneficence
     • The precautions that must be taken to protect participants from harm and promote well-being
       • APPLIED
         • Assess risks/benefits, who will benefit/who will be harmed

3. A.P.A Ethical Principles

   • Principle of respect, justice, beneficence
   • Integrity
     • Proffessors must teach accurately and therapist must stay up to date on empirical evidence for therapy
   • Fidelity and Responsibility
     • A clinical psychologist who is also a proffessor may not serve as a therapist for students or engage in sexual relationships

4. APA Ethical Standards 8

   • IRB
     • Institutional Review Board: one scientist, one person w/ academic interests outside of science. and one or more community member
   • Informed Consent
     • tells participants about research, risks, benefits, and they decide if they want to participate.
   • Debriefing
     • Informes participants afterward about a studies true nature, details and hypothesis
   • Deception
     • withholding information (commission) or actively lying (commission)
   • Research Misconduct
     • Data Falsification
       • influences studies,deleting observations
     • Data Fabrication
       • invent data to fit hypothesis

5. Animal Research Standard

   • Reduction
     • Reduce experimental design: use fewest animals possible
   • Refinement
     • Refine procedures to minimize animal distress
   • Replacement
     • Replace animals when possible
   • IACUC
     • Institutional animal care and use commitee