Nadia burns her hand

Nadia burns her hand

1. burn infection

   • skin and wound cultures
   • bacterial, fungal, viral
   • Normal skin flora
   • how a burn becomes infected

2. bacterial resistance

   • gained by
     • getting a copy of a gene encoding an altered protein or an enzyme
       • how
         • through a transposon
         • by scavenging DNA remnants from degraded bacteria
         • one plasmid can encode resistance to many different antibiotics
   • resist by
     • preventing the antibiotic from getting to its target

3. innate immunity

   • first line of defence
     • chemical and biochemical inhbitors
     • anatomic barriers
       • skin
         • layers
           • hypodermis
           • dermis
           • epidermis
         • function
           • regulates body temperature
           • protection
           • far, glucose, water, salt storage
         • contents
           • sweat and sebaceous glands
           • blood vessels
           • hair follicles
     • normal bacterial flora
       • microbiota
         • opportunistic
         • location
           • stomach, intestine, skin
         • roles
           • vitamin synthesis
           • digestion of food
           • prevent colonization of pathogenic bacteria
   • second line of defence

4. acute inflammation

   • phases
     • vascular
     • cellular
   • systemic effects
     • leukocytosis
     • malaise
     • fever
     • loss of appetite
   • cardinal signs
     • redness
     • swelling
     • heat
     • pain
     • loss of function
   • causes
     • foreign bodies
       • infection
         • local
         • systemic
       • trauma
       • immune reaction
       • tissue necrosis

5. antibiotics

   • sensitivity
   • mechanism of action
     • alternation of cell membrane
     • antimetabolites activity
     • inhibition of cell wall synthesis
     • inhibition of protein synthesis
     • inhibition of protein synthesis
   • resistance
     • changing the target
     • destroying the antibiotic by enzymes
     • efflux pump
     • aquired from other bacteria
       • transduction
       • conjugation
       • transformation

6. burns

   • cell injury
     • caused by
       • radiation
       • electricity
       • heat
       • chemicals
   • Rule of nines
   • types
     • thermal, chemical, radiology, electrical, friction, inhilational
   • degrees
     • 1st degree. only epidermis affected
     • 2nd degree epidermis and part of dermis
     • 3rd degree. epiderrmis and whole dermis affected

7. inflammation

   • aims to
     • eliminate necrotic cells
     • initiate repair and healing
     • limit the spread of injury
   • definition
     • protective innate response against harmfull agents

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