Nadia burns her hand

Nadia burns her hand

1. demography

   • 55yrs old
   • nadia
   • runs fast food shop

2. skin

   • functions
     • protection
       • against UV rays
       • against dehydration
       • physical barrier to microorganisms
     • sensation
       • touch
       • pressure
       • pain
     • thermoregulation
       • insulation
       • sweating
     • metabolism
       • vitamin D synthesis
     • immunological organ
   • layers
     • epidermis
       • outer layer
       • first line defense
       • layers
         • basale
         • spinosum
         • granulosum
         • lucidum
         • corneum
     • dermis
       • internal layer
       • contains
         • nerve endings
         • blood vessels
         • sweat glands
         • hair follicles
     • hypodermis
   • common injury
     • burns
       • coagulative necrosis of tissues
         • necrosis
       • causes
         • thermal
           • flame
           • boiling water
         • chemical
           • acid or bases
         • electrical
           • high/low voltage
         • mechanical
         • radiation
       • degree
         • first
         • second
         • third
       • calculated by
         • the rule of nine
       • complication
         • scarring
         • joint mobility issues
         • post-traumatic stress
         • difficulty with thermoregulation
         • long-term
           • contracture
             • when healing occurs in moving joint
           • keloid
             • excessive scar formation
           • deformity
         • acute
           • infection
             • foreign body organism enters body
             • caused by pathogens
               • bacteria
               • viruses
               • parasites
               • fungi
             • tests to detect
               • antibody test
               • viral culture
               • urinalysis
               • CSF analysis
           • renal failure
           • septicimia
       • management
         • airway with c-spine protection
         • breathing and ventilation
         • circulation & control bleeding
         • establish tetanus immunization
         • estimate burn surface area
         • give antibiotics if needed
           • chemical compounds used to kill/inhibit bacteria
             • mechanisms
               • inhibit cell wall synthesis
                 • penicillin
                   • natural
                     • pen. G
                     • pen. V
                   • antistaphylococcal
                     • nafcillin
                     • oxacillin
                     • methicillin
                   • extended
                     • aminopenicillin
                       • amoxicillin
                       • ampicillin
                     • carboxypenicillin
                       • ticarcillin
                     • ureidopenicillin
                       • pipercillin
                 • cephalosporins
               • inhibit cell membrane synthesis
               • inhibit protein synthesis
               • inhibit nucleic acid synthesis
               • inhibit metabolic processes
             • bacteria develop resistance
               • horizontal DNA transfer
               • vertical DNA transfer
               • avoid it?
                 • regulation of antibiotics
       • causes inflammation
         • cardinal signs
         • local response
     • healing
       • tissue repairs
         • regeneration
           • replacement by functioning cells
           • depends on tissue type
             • 1- labile
               • continuously dividing
                 • ex: skin
             • 2- stable
               • divides due to injury
                 • ex: liver
             • 3- permenant
               • doesn't divide
                 • ex: neurons
           • fails to occur
         • fibrosis
           • replacement by scar tissue
       • scar formation
         • 1- angiogenesis
         • 2- formation of granulation tissue
         • 3- deposition of Connective tissue
         • 4- remodelling by MMPS
       • factors affecting
         • positively
           • high oxygen level
           • good personal hygiene
         • negatively
           • infection
           • taking steroids
           • diabetes mellitus
           • poor nutrition
             • low protein
             • low vitamin C
       • occurs by

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