Chemistry:Atoms, Elements, and Compounds

Chemistry:Atoms, Elements, and Compounds

1. Matter

   • Solid
   • Liquid
   • Gas
   • Chemical Change
     • Change into a new substance or substances
   • Physical Change
     • Changing between 3 states

2. Particle Theory

   • All matter is composed of very tiny objects called particles
   • All particles have spaces between them
   • Particles present in matter are always in motion
   • The particles in a substance attract each other

3. Classifying Matter

   • Pure Substance
     • Compound
     • Elements
   • Mixture
     • Homogeneous
       • Solution
     • Heterogeneous
       • Suspension
       • Mechanical Mixture

4. Atomic Theory

   • All matter is made of small, indivisible particles called atoms
   • All the atoms of an element are identical in properties such as size and mass
   • Atoms of different elements have different properties
   • Atoms of different elements can combine in specific ways to form new substances

5. Bohr Diagram

   • Electrons surround the nucleus in shells and electrons jump between shells by gaining or losing energy. The maximum number of electrons that can exist in each of the first three shells is two, eight, and eight
     • Lewis Structure
       • Valence shells are the outermost shell of electrons

6. Periodic Table

   • Atomic Mass
   • Ion Charge
   • Symbol
   • Atomic Number
   • Name
   • 18 Groups
   • 7 Periods

7. Elements

   • Metal
     • Shiny and silver or grey in colour, excellent conductors, malleable and ductile
   • Metalloid
     • With both metal and non-metal characteristics, conduct electricity but not very well
   • Non-Metal
     • Do not resemble metals, poor conductors, not shiny

8. Naming Ionic Compounds

   • First element (metal) stays the same
     • Second element (non-metal) has its ending change to “ide"

9. Naming Molecular Compounds

   • Add prefix "di, tri, tetra, or pent" to the first element
     • Add prefix "mono, di, tri, tetra, or pent" and suffix "ide"

10. Formulas for Molecular Compounds

    • Symbol for first element, symbol for second element, and subscripts for the number of each element.

11. Managing Hazardous Substances

    • Understand the properties of substances and how to use them substances safely
    • Design innovative equipment and processes
    • Place personal safety and environmental protection as the top priority
    • Enforce effective regulations