Congestive Heart Failure

Congestive Heart Failure

1. Labs

   • CT Scan
   • ECG
   • Electrolytes

2. Manifestations (American Heart Association, 2018)

   • American Heart Association (2018). Types of Heart Failure.
   • Right-Sided
     • Edema
       • Weight Gain
     • Jugular Vein Distention
   • Left-Sided
     • Pulmonary Edema
       • Shortness of Breath
       • Pink-tinged sputum
     • Decreased Cardiac Output
       • Activity Intolerance
         • Fatigue
       • Cyanosis

3. Interventions

   • Elevate Head of Bed 30-45 degrees
     • Promote effective breathing
   • Patient Education
     • Symptom management
     • Disease process
   • Daily weights
     • Assess for fluid retention
   • Vital Signs q4-6h
   • Administer Oxygen
   • Monitor Electrolytes
     • Potassium 3.5-5.0 mmol/L

4. Interdisciplinary Team

   • Telemetry Nurse
   • Recreational Therapist
   • Cardiologist
   • Physician

5. Therapy

   • Nutritional
     • Healthy Heart Diet (Heart and Stroke Foundation, 2018)
       • Fruits and Vegetables
         • 4 -7 servings a day
           • Peas
           • Bananas
           • apple
           • Lettuce
           • Broccoli
       • Whole grain foods
         • Fibre
           • 21-38 grams daily
             • Brown rice
             • Oatmeal
     • Fluid Restrictions (Cardio Smart, 2013)
       • 1000 - 2000 mL daily
         • Further prevent fluid overload
   • Medications
     • Diuretics
       • Furosemide (Casu & Marella, 2015, table 1)
         • Decrease Edema
     • ACE-Inhibitors
       • Decrease BP
       • Catopril
       • Ramipril
     • Calcium Channel Blockers
     • Antiplatelets
       • Clopidogrel
     • Anticoagulants
       • Heparin
         • Prophylaxis for cloft formation
     • Digoxin
       • Decrease heart workload
       • Increase Cardiac Output

6. Causes

7. Risk Factors (Lewis et al., 2014)

   • Medical
     • Hypertension
     • Diabetes
     • Ischemic heart disease
     • Renal Failure
     • Obesity
   • Familial
     • Coronary Artery Disease
     • Sudden Cardiac Death
     • Dilated Cardiomyopathy
   • Social
     • Excessive Alcohol Use
     • Smoking
     • Illicit Drug Use

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