Zusammenfassung der Ressource
C1 - Atomic Structure
& The Periodic Table
- Structure of the Atom
- Mass
- Proton = 1
- Neutron = 1
- Electron - very small
- Charge
- Proton = 1+
- Electron = 1-
- Neutron = 0
- Structure
- Protons and neutrons in the
tiny nucleus at the centre
- Electrons in shells around the nucleus
- 2 in 1st shell,
8 in 2nd shell,
8 in 3rd shell
- electrons drawn in NESW,
then double up!
- Isotopes
- Same number of protons,
different number of neutrons
- Relative Atomic Mass (RAM)
- (mass of 1st isotope x abundance) + (mass of 2nd isotope x abundance)
/ 100
- The Periodic Table
- Newlands
- arranged elements in order of atomic mass
- Noted similar chemical reactivity in every 8th element
- BUT mixed metals and non metals and had two elements in one space
- Mendeleev
- Arranged the elements in order of mass
- Realised that some elements did not fit the pattern of reactivity
- he left gaps for elements that had not yet been discovered
- Later, elements were discovered that fit the gaps
- Groups
- Group 1
- Lithium (Li),
Sodium (Na),
Potassium (K),
Rubidium (Rb),
Caesium (Cs)
- The reactivity XXcreases as you go _____ the group
- The Alkali Metals
- Stored in oil because they react with oxygen and water very quickly
- Reaction with water
- Lithium
- fizzed, crimson red flame
- Sodium
- fizzed, melted, yellow-orange flame
- Potassium
- fizzed, caught fire, exploded! lilac flame
- Group 7
- The Halogens
- Chlorine
- A green gas
- The reactivity XXcreases as you go _____ the group
- Fluorine (F)
- Bromine
- An orange brown liquid
- Fluorine
- A pale yellow gas
- Iodine
- A grey solid (and a purple gas)
- Group 0
- Very unreactive because they have a full outer shell of electrons
- Density XXcreases as you go _____ the group
- Size of atom XXcreases as you go _____ the group
- Columns
- Metals and Non-metals
- Metals to the left of
the staircase line,
non-metals to the right
- Separating Mixtures
- Filtration
- Separates an
insoluble solid
from a liquid
- Equipment
- Funnel, Filter paper, conical flask
- Residue
- the solid left in the filter paper
- Filtrate
- the liquid that passes through the filter paper
- Crystallisation
- Separates a soluble
solid from a liquid
- Equipment
- Evaporating basin, an electric heater
- Evaporation
- the liquid turns to a gas and leaves
crystals of the solid behind
- Chromatography
- Separates inks & food colours
- Stationary phase
- Paper
- Mobile phase
- Solvent ( Water )
- Rf value
- height of spot / height of solvent front
- Distillation
- Separates two liquids with
different Boiling Points
- Equipment
- Round bottomed flask, heat, condenser, beaker
- Evaporation of one liquid happens in the round bottomed flask.
- The vapour condenses in the condenser and collects in the beaker
- The other liquid doesn't evaporate and stays in the round bottomed flask