Pancreatitis

Pancreatitis

1. inflammation of the pancreas. The pancreas is a large organ behind the stomach that produces digestive enzymes and a number of hormones

   • Pancreas
     • Anatomy
       • The pancreas is an oblong-shaped and flattened organ, about the size of a hand. Aside from the tail, it is a retroperitoneal structure (lies behind the peritoneal cavity), located deep within the upper abdomen in the epigastrium and left hypochodrium regions.
       • Picture
       • Blood supply
         • Superior and inferior pancreatico-duodenal arteries
         • Splenic artey
       • Parts
         • Head
         • Neck
         • Body and tail
     • Histology
     • Physiology
       • Endocrine function
         • Secretion of hormones directly into the blood
       • Exocrine function
         • Stimulated by chyme in the upper part of the small intestine
           • Secretin stimulates the secretion of aqueous solution from ductal cells
           • CCK causes secretion of digestive enzymes from the acini

2. Investigations

   • Lipase/amylase elevation >3 times the upper limit
   • Characteristic imaging features on CT, MRI, or ultrasound

3. Complications

   • Shock
     • Pseudocyst
       • Abcess
         • Infections
           • DIC and ARDS

4. Types

   • Acute
     • Pathogenesis (ACUTE)
       • Inflammation and hemorrhage of the pancreas ( autodigestion)
         • Premature activation of trypsin
           • Liquefactive hemorrhagic necrosis
             • Fat necrosis
               • Hypocalcemia (Because Ca is used in the fat necrosis)
     • Signs and symptoms
       • fever
       • Acute abdomen
         • Causes
       • Nausea
       • Vomiting
   • Chronic
     • Fatty stool
       • Diarrhea
         • LOW
           • DM (Complication)
     • Pathogenesis (CHRONIC)
       • Fibrosis of pancreatic parenchyma, secondary to recurrent acute pancreatitis
         • Mainly idiopathic

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