Biology1

Biology1

Cells
1. Animal Cells
  1. Cell membrane
  2. Nucleus
  3. Ribsome
    1. Make Protein
  4. Mitochondria
  5. Cytoplasm
    1. Contain Protein; Control CR
      Anmerkungen:
      - CR- Chemical Reaction
2. Specialised animal Cells
  1. Red Blood Cells
    1. Carry O2+CO2;No Nucleus; Contain hemoglobin; Large SA.
      Anmerkungen:
      - SA- Surface Area
  2. Sperm Cells
    1. Contain genetic materials; Long tail; Fill of mitochondria; Large Nucleus
  3. Cone Cells
    1. 'Light Sensitive' layer in the eye; Possible to see colour; Outer Segment filled with visual pigments; Inner filled with mitochondria; Connected with Nerves
  4. Fat Cells
    1. Stores Energy; Very little cytoplasm; Very few mitochondria; Expand up to 1000x size
3. Plant Cells
  1. Nucleus
  2. Permanent Vacuole
  3. Cell Wall
    1. Made of Cellolose
  4. Cell Membrane
  5. Cytoplasm
  6. Chloroplast
  7. Ribsome
4. Specialised Plant Cells
  1. Palisade Cells
    1. Large SA; Found on the surface of leaves; Tightly packed with chloroplast.
  2. Root hair Cells
    1. Thin membrane; No chloroplast; Large SA; Small hairs to find Water
  3. Guard Cells
    1. Control Stomata; Found in the bottom sufrace of leaves
  4. Xylem Cells
    1. Hollow tube transport Water and Minerals upwards; Made of dead tissue.
  5. Epidermal Cells
    1. Closely fitting; Thin waxy layer; Water cannot pass through.
Microorganisms
1. Bacteria
  1. Antigin (Some has)
  2. Flagelia
    1. Movement
  3. Cytoplasm
  4. Slime capsule (Some has)
    1. Covers the cell wall
  5. Cell Wall
  6. Genetic material (no Nucleus)
2. Virus
  1. Protein Coat
  2. Genetic material
  3. Needle to inject genetic information
    1. Reproduce by capturing other cells
  4. 'Feet' to stand on a cell
3. Yeast
  1. Nucleus
  2. Cell Wall
  3. Cell Membrane
  4. Scar after repuduction
Cell Transportation
1. Osmosis
  1. Hypertonic
    1. Inside>Outside
  2. Isotonic
    1. Inside=Outside
  3. Hypotonic
    1. Inside<Outside
  4. Water from root hair cells; Absorption in small intestine; Reabsorption in kidney
2. Diffusion
  1. H->L Concentration
  2. Net Movement
  3. Greater the difference=Greater diffusion
  4. Absorption of O2 in alveoli; CO2 in chloroplast
3. Active Transport
  1. Requires ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
  2. L->H Concentration
  3. Requires Protein
  4. Minerals in root hair cells; Glucose reabsorption in kidney; Nutrients in the small intestine

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