Interactive games/physical exercises for fall prevention in elderly Dr. Liu group

Traditional OT/Exergames
1. Exergame design
  1. Pros and Cons (B.G. 1, 2, 3)
  2. Needed additions for elderly (B.G. 1, 2, 3)
2. Exergames
  1. Fall prevention( B.G. 3,4)
    1. Improving balance (B.G. 1,4)
    2. Fear of falls (B.G. 6)
  2. Elderly views
    1. Motivation to participate (B.G. 2,3)
    2. Physical activity (B.G. 1,2,3)
3. Traditional OT in Fall Prevention
  1. Environmental modifications (B.G. 5, 6)
  2. Lack of research areas (B.G. 5)
    1. Functional exercises (B.G. 5)
    2. Behavioral interventions 5
    3. Medication management (B.G. 5)
4. OT in Exergames
  1. No research found
Physical Exercise
1. Balance
  1. Strength training (S.A. 3)
  2. Whole body vibration (S.A. 6)
    1. Some effect as routine exercise (S.A. 6)
  3. Resistance (S.A. 1)
  4. Mini trampoline, aquatic, gymnastics (S.A. 2)
2. Multi-component fitness (S.A. 3,4,5)
  1. Increase physical fitness (S.A. 5)
    1. Not enough to induce changes in body compensation (S.A. 5)
  2. Flexibility (S.A. 3, 4, 5)
  3. Resistance (S.A. 3, 4, 5)
  4. Muscular endurance (S.A. 5)
  5. Cardiovascular endurance (aerobics) (S.A. 3, 4, 5)
3. Decreased physical fitness in both genders as age increase (S.A. 4)
Improving balance in the elderly
1. The Cochrane Collaboration (K.S. 2)
  1. Interventions of unknown effectiveness (K.S. 2)
  2. Interventions likely to be beneficial (K.S. 2)
    1. Withdrawal of psychotropic medication/cardiac pacers/ 15 week Tai Chi group exercise (K.S. 2)
    2. Muscle strengthening and balance retraining (K.S. 2)
    3. Multidisciplinary, multifactorial, health/environmental risk factors, screening/intervention programs (K.S. 2)
    4. Home hazard assessments and modifications (K.S. 2)
2. Enhanced Balance Training Program (K.S. 4)
  1. Enhance balance training (K.S. 4)
    1. Improved confidence in walking around house and outside (K.S. 4)
  2. Conventional physiotherapy (K.S. 4)
3. Tai Chi (K.S. 5)
  1. Confidence to improved balance (K.S. 5)
  2. Inconsistent results (K.S. 5)
  3. Variation in exercise; Yang most common (K.S. 5)
4. Systemic review and meta-analysis (K.S. 1)
  1. Environmental modification programs (K.S. 1)
  2. Education interventions (K.S. 1)
  3. #2 Exercise interventions (K.S. 1)
  4. #1 Multifactorial falls risk assessment/management programs (K.S. 1)
5. Rehabilitation exercise program
  1. Obstacle course performance and reducing falls/injuries (K.S. 3)
  2. Different measures/outcomes (K.S. 3)
Characteristics of quality fall prevention programs
1. Strength training
  1. Not vital for fall prevention, however there are other health benefits and there could be long-term benefits. (Sherrington)
2. Frequency/ Duration
  1. Strength training: As recommended by a physician
  2. Walking, other low/mod intensity cardio: as tolerable
  3. Balance: 2hrs/wk mod/high intensity (Sherrington)
3. Multi-factorial approach (Choi)
  1. Exercise
  2. Safety checks
  3. Staff education
  4. Environmental modifications
4. Walking
  1. Not for high fall-risk clients (Sherrington)
5. Flexibility training/ stretching
  1. Tai Chi improves flexibility (Leung)
6. Community or home-based
  1. Those livening in long-term facility tend to be too frail to safely participate in exercise (Silva)
7. Balance training
  1. Tai Chi (Leung, Sherrington)
    1. Improved strength and flexibilty
    2. Slower rate of decline 6 mos post-intervention
  2. Other forms of balance training
    1. 2 hr/wk, mod-high intensity (Sherrington)

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Interactive games/physical exercises for fall prevention in elderly Dr. Liu group

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