Energy Systems

Energy Systems

1. ATP-PC

   • Adenosine Tri-Phosphate is made up of 4 Molecules
     • Adenosine
       • Phosphate
         • Phosphate
           • Phosphate
           • When energy is required throughout the body this last phosphate will detactch from the the second phosphate and the high energy bond will break releasing heat and energy
         • These molecules are held with High Energy Bonds
     • After the energy is released the third phosphate needs to resynthasise with the second. This is done through CP
     • CP Attatches its self to ATP and acts as its source of fuel. So when the thrid phosphate dettaches CP just atatches itself and detatches when finished. Creatine Phosphate is stored in the body in small amounts, approximately 120 grams
       • When the Creatine Phosphate is exhausted after about 2min the Creatine Phosphate it will be fully restored and the APT-CP system can
   • ATP-CP is exhausted within 10-15 seconds
   • Heat is produced during the process of muscular contractions
   • We relly on on 120 grams of reserved fuel, CP, stored in our cells. Creatine Phosphate is the fuel of the ATP system

2. Lactic acid system

   • No oxygen needed with this system. following 10-12 seconds of maximal excercise, CP supplies are exhaisted.
   • The main source of fuel for this energy system is carbohydrates the glucose in the blood in the storage form called glycogen. The glycogen is used to produce energy
   • Provides ATP quickly but this requires large quantities of glycose. 3 moles of aTP from 180 grams of glycogen
   • The duration of the lactic acid system is dependant on the intensity level of the sport/action/contraction.
     • Near maximal = 30 seconds
     • 70-80% = Exhausted in 3 to 4 minutes
   • The cause of fatigue is when the Lactic acid levels building up within the muscle cells
   • Lactic acid diffusing from the muscle & into the bloodstream in liver, lactic acid reconverted into glycogens & can once again be used as a source of fuel
   • Lactic acid energy system 30 minutes to 1 hour
   • Excercises that would require this energy system include 200 and 400 metre sprints

3. Aerobic Glycolysis System

   • Exercise longer than few minutes requires presence of oxygen to ensure continuation of muscle contraction during exercise gradually becomes available as the oxygen which blood fills the muscle cells. This allows 'aerobic pathway' to become main supplier to ATP
   • The fuel for this energy system is preferred carbohydrates , protein, if exercise continues beyond 1 hour or so fat ill begin to be burnt
   • 39 moles of ATP from 180 grams of glycogen. This is very efficient for long distance
   • Total amount of glycogen in body is approx 350 grams. 350grams = 12 hrs of rest or 1 hour of hard work,
   • Carbon dioxide breathed out throughout the process of respiration. Water available to the cells (both are not harmful to performance)
   • If the Aerobic Glycolysis System is used the short period system recovers quickly because glycogen have not been deployed. However if used for hours glycogen storage areas will be exhausted which may take days to replenish.
   • Exercises and sports that would require this system include 2hr Marathon runs, Soccer, Football, Netball