C1.1 Fundamentals In Chemistry

C1.1 Fundamentals In Chemistry

1. Elements

   • Only one type of atom.
   • Each has a different symbol.
     • Atomic Number
       • Equals Number of Protons
     • Atomic Mass
       • Equals Number of Protons and Neutrons
         • Number of neutrons = Atomic Mass - Atomic Number
         • So Bigger Number

2. Compounds

   • Two or more different types of atom chemically joined.
   • Chemical Formula
     • Shows elements it is composed of and how many of each.

3. Atom

   • Nucleus
     • Protons
       • Positive Charge (+1)
       • Relative Mass of 1
     • Neutrons
       • Neutral Charge (0)
       • Relative Mass of 1
   • Shells
     • Electrons
       • Negative Charge (-1)
       • Relative Mass of 1/2000
     • Electronic Configuration
       • 1st Shell = 2 Electrons Max
         • 2nd Shell = 8 Electrons Max
           • 3rd Shell = 8 Electrons Max
             • 4th Shell = Any Extra
       • Shells Fill From the Inside First
   • Particle with No Overall Charge
     • Equal Numbers of Protons and Electrons
       • Charges Cancel Out

4. Bonding

   • Covalent
     • Sharing Electrons
     • Non-Metal and Non-Metal
   • Ionic
     • Metal and Non-Metal
     • Ions
       • Charged Particles
         • Metals Give Electrons
           • Positive Charge
         • Non-Metals Take Electrons
           • Negative Chage

5. Conservation of Mass

   • Atoms Can't Be Created or Destroyed.
     • Mass At the start = Mass At the End
     • Balanced Equations

6. Periodic Table

   • Periods
     • Horizontal Rows
     • Period Number = Number of Shells
   • Groups
     • Vertical Columns
     • Group Number = Number of Outer Shell Electrons
     • Group 1 (Alkali Metals)
       • One Outer Shell Electon
         • Very Reactive
           • Metal + Oxygen = Metal Oxide
           • Metal + Water = Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen
           • More Reactive Down The Group
     • Group 0 (Noble Gases)
       • Full Outer Shell
         • Unable to Make Bonds
           • Unreactive

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