Basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation

1. Cardiorespiratory arrest (PCR)

   • Main health problem
     • In most countries
     • Responsible for 60% of deaths from ischemic diseases
   • Is is strongly related to acute myocardial infarction (IAM)
     • And diseases that produce ventricular fibrillation
   • It is the greatest medical emergency
     • It is reversible if the patient is resuscitated correctly and in the shortest possible time
   • Concepts
     • Respiratory faliure
       • It is the absence of respiratory movements (apnea), but the pulse is present.
     • Cardiac death
       • It is necessary to detect an intractable electrical asystole (flat line) for at least 30 minutes despite advanced resuscitation and optimal advanced treatment.
     • Brain death
       • Apparent brain death is only justified when there is associated cardiac death.

2. These are all the maneuvers performed to restore an efficent

   • Oxygenation
   • Circulation
   • Adequate recovery of the superior nervous function
     • It is not performed when ordered "no RCPC" (in the clinical history), by prior consent of the patient or their relatives
       • The RCPC includes a series of steps (ABC of vital support) in cascade that speed up the rapid recognition of the main vital signs
         • A
           • Airways
             • Open airway and evaluate their permeability.
             • Cleaning and unblocking if necessary.
         • B
           • Breathing or ventilation
             • Evaluate breathing ( MES maneuver for 10 seconds)
             • Give two rescue breaths to check permeability and oxygenate
         • C
           • Circulation
             • Evaluate circulation (central pulse for 10 sec.)
             • Start chest compressions if there is no pulse, rhythm and

3. Survival chain

   • Steps considered essential for the correct recovery
   • Only 3 to 5 minutes are available to start the RCPC
   • FAST RECOGNITION
   • QUICK ACCESS the Integrated Emergency Medical System ( SIUM
   • QUICK Resuscitation
   • QUICK Defibrilation
   • FAST advanced life support
   • QUICK care in definitive intensive care

4. Algorithm process

   • Patient who does not respond
     • Ask help
     • Security
       • Place the patient in supine decubitus
         • Open the airway
           • Maneuver MES for 10 seconds
             • Breathe normal
               • Continue ABC evaluation
             • It does not breathe
               • Activate emergency system
                 • Evaluate circulation
                   • Carotid pulse for 10 seconds
                     • Absent pulse
                       • Patient in respiratory arrest
                       • Start RCPC (30: 2)
                         • Evaluate Rhythm
                           • Download not indicated
                             • Maintain RCPC 30: 2 for 5 cycles
                             • Reevaluate patient and rhythm
                           • Indicated download
                             • Desfibrilate
                               • 1 download 150-200 J biphasic or 360 monophasic
                               • Keep RCPC 30: 2 by 5 cycles (2 min)
                               • Reassess patient and rhythm
                     • Present pulse
                       • Patient in respiratory arrest
                       • Rescue ventilation for 10 minutes
                       • Evaluate circulation for 2 minutes
               • Provide 2 Ventilations
               • Maintain permeability

5. RCPC efficiency

   • The dilated recovered ( mydriasis).
   • Improves violet color ( cyanosis).
   • Start breathing movements.
   • Spontaneous pulse is recovered.
   • Recovery of consciousness.

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