Ionisation energies (unfinished)

Ionisation energies (unfinished)

1. First ionisation energy is the energy required to remove one electron from each atom in one mole of atoms in a gaseous state.

   • Na₍₉₎⟶Na⁺₍₉₎+e⁻

2. Largest ionisation energy is created by...

   • A small atomic radius
     • Greater nuclear attraction between the nucleus and the outer electrons
   • A large nuclear charge
     • Greater nuclear attraction
   • Lots of electron shielding
     • Repulsion from lower energy level electrons

3. Second ionisation energy is the energy required to remove one electron from each atom in one mole of 1+ ions is a gaseous state

   • Na⁺₍₉₎⟶Na²⁺₍₉₎+e⁻

4. Successive ionisation energies can allow us to make predictions about the atom.

   • • As seen in the diagram, large changes in successive ionisation energies signify that the electron has been taken from a different shell (closer to the nucleus and with less shielding)

5. Trends of first ionisation energies

   • • Generally increases across each period
       • Nuclear charge increases and atomic radius decreases
     • A sharp decrease in ionisation energy at the start of each new period (down a group)
       • Atomic radius increases and therefore more shielding occurs. Increase in nuclear charge outweighed by these factors

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