Mixtures Y8

Mixtures Y8

1. A mixture is 2 or more substances that are mixed together but not chemically joined.

2. Compound vs Mixture

   • Pure
     • A new substance is formed
       • Has it's own property
         • Not easily seperated
           • Must be combined in a fixed proportion (order)
   • Impure
     • No new substance is formed
       • Have property of original componets
         • Easily seperated
           • Combined in any proportion

3. A mixture is a physical combenation

4. Types of mixtures

   • Solutions
     • A mixture of solute and solvents
     • produced when the solvent dissolves into the solute
     • A solution is always transparent or clear and uninformed in appearance
   • Collide
     • Mixture formed when very small particles float in another substance
   • Suspentions
     • Mixture in which small solid particles do not dissolve because they are insoluble
   • Emulsions
     • a mixture of liquids that do not dissolve readily ino each other
     • Causing droplets of one liquid to be scattered into another
   • Alloy
     • A mixture of metals

5. Solute- substance being dissolved

6. Solvent- substance that does the dissolving

7. Dissolve means that one substance disappears between particles of another substance

8. Separation Techniques

   • Simple Distillation
     • Solution with solid solute and solvent
     • Solvent that is collected is the DISTILLATE
     • Solid that remains in distillation flask is the RESOLVE
     • eg. salt + water
   • Fractional Distillation
     • MIxture of liquids with different boiling points
     • eg crude oil
   • Filtartion
     • Suspensions
     • RESIDUE- infilter paper
     • FILTRATE- in connical flask
     • eg. sand+water
   • Decantation
     • Suspensions
     • emulsions (not as successful)
     • * gently pouring liquid off without disturbing sediments
     • eg. rocks+water
   • Centrifugation
     • Separates solid in a colloid
     • Insoluble solid is thrown t the bottom by a centripetal force
     • eg. blood- labs
   • Evaporation
     • Separate solutions to drive off solvents and keep solute residue
     • eg. salt +water
   • Separating Funnel
     • Separate emulsions
     • mixture of immiscible liquds
     • eg. oil+water
   • Chromatography
     • Separates pigments in dyes
     • eg. colors in markers
   • Sieving
     • Separate large solid particles from small solid particles
     • suspensions
     • eg. sand + rocks
   • Magnetism
     • mixture with 1 magnetic material
     • eg. sand + iron
   • Sublimation
     • mixture with 1 substance that sublimes
     • eg. iodine + salt