Qualitative Testing

Qualitative Testing

1. carbon dioxide

   • white precipitate when a gas is bubbled through it
     • lime water

2. chloride ion

   • bromide ion
     • iodine ion
       • yellow precipitate insoluble in concentrated ammonia
     • cream precipitate redissolves in concentrated ammonia
       • Silver nitrate acidic+ammonia solution
   • white precipitate redissolves in dilute ammonia

3. calcium or magnesium ions

   • alimunium ion
     • copper cu2+
       • iron Fe3+
         • Fe2+
           • pale green precipitate eventually goes brown/orange
             • Sodium hydroxide solution
         • brown precipitate
       • blue precipitate
     • white precipitate redissolves in excess sodium hydroxide

4. flame test using nichrome wire with nitric acid

   • brick red
     • calcium
   • crimson
     • lithium
   • lilac
     • potassium
   • green
     • Barium
   • yellow/orange
     • sodium

5. carboxylic acid

   • fruity smell of ester on warming
     • alcohol+conc H2SO4

6. water

   • blue to pink
     • cobalt chloride solid or paper
   • white to blue
     • copper sulphate

7. alcohol

   • fruity smell of an ester on warming
     • carboxylic acid +conc H2SO4

8. sulphate

   • white precipitate insoluble in acid
     • barium chloride solution followed by a dilute hydroxide

9. carbon to carbon double bonds

   • decolourises
     • bromine water orange/brown

10. carbonate/hydrocarbon

    • effervescence giving out co2
      • hydrochloride, sulphuric or nitric acid

11. hydrogen gas

    • gives a pop
      • burning splint

12. carbon dioxide or nitrogen gas

    • goes out
      • burning splint

13. oxygen

    • relights
      • glowing splint

14. univeral indicator liquid/paper damp paper placed in a glass

    • red orange
      • acid pH 1-4
    • orange/ yellow
      • weak acid pH5/6
    • green
      • neutral pH7
    • blue
      • weak alkali pH 8/9
    • purple
      • strong alkali pH10-14
    • red
      • SO2 or HCL
    • blue/purple
      • ammonia
    • bleached white
      • chlorine CL2

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