Nuclear Physics

Nuclear Physics

1. Alpha scattering experiment

   • Most of the particles went straight though therefore most of the atom is empty space
   • A very small number of alpha particles were replelled though large angles more than 90 degrees
   • This shows the exsistence of tiny positive nucleus
   • The size of the nucleus is about 10-14 m

2. Atoms

   • Inside every atom you'll find a nucleus containing protons and neutrons. Protons and neutrons both known as Nucleons.
   • Proton number: The amount of protons in the nucleus.

3. Forces

   • Strong Force
     • The force that binds the nucleons together in the nucleus
       • It has a range of about a femtometer
       • Its both attractive and repulsive
   • Gravitational Force
     • The attractive force dependant on the masses of the objects

4. Decay

   • Beta
     • β⁺
       • Neutron→Proton+Positron+Neutrino
     • β⁻
       • Neutron→Proton+Electron+Anti-neutrino
   • Alpha
     • A helium nucleus 2(uud) 2(udd)
   • The releasing of energy until a stable form has been reached
     • Conserved quantites
       • Mass/Energy
       • Momentum
       • Charge
       • Lepton number
       • Spin
       • Bayron number

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