ICT THEORY

ICT THEORY

1. TYPES AND COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER

   • HARDWARE
     • Are all the physical components of the computer system
       • INPUT
         • Keyboard
         • Mouse
       • INTERNAL DEVICES
         • STORAGE
           • RAM (Random Access Memory)
             • Stores temporary memory
           • ROM (Read-Only Memory)
             • Stores permanent information
         • MOTHEBOARD
           • Is the prime circuit, connects and allow the hardware to function and communicate between them
         • SOUND CARD
           • Are the circuits that allow a computer to produce sound
         • VIDEO CARD
           • Send graphical information to a video displayer
         • INTERNAL HARD DISK DRIVE
           • Is the main method to store data
       • OUTPUT
         • Monitor
         • Printer
       • CPU (Central Processing Unit)
         • The part of the computer that interpretes and executes the commands of both parts (hardware andf software) Is part of the motherboard
   • SOFTWARE
     • Are all the programs that control a computer system
       • APPLICATION
         • Are those programs that allow the user to accomplish certain tasks
           • SPREADSHEET
             • Is used to manipulate numerical data through functions as formulas or graphs
           • DATABASE
             • Is used to manipulate and analyze data, it helps to construct reports
           • APPS
             • This application can be either of games, phone banking, GPS or camera facilities
           • VIDEO EDITING
             • Allows an user to manipulate a video, add titles, correct colors and add transitions.
           • PHOTO EDITING
             • Is used to manipulate pictures, changing color, contrast, saturation or remove the “red eye”
           • WORD PROCESSOR
             • Is used to manipulate text documents, with option such as deleting, copying and pasting
           • CONTROL AND MEASURING
             • Is used to interface with sensors to measure real quantities in the environment
           • GRAPHIC MANIPULATION
             • Is used to change biomap or vectors, and alters an image as required through lines, curves and text
       • SYSTEM
         • Are the programs that allow the hardware to work properly and help the user to communicate with the computer
           • COMPILER
             • It translate from high level language to computer code, to use the information various times
           • LINKERS
             • Uses computer files and combines them to produce single programs that are run by a computer.
           • DEVICE DRIVER
             • This software allows hardware to communicate with the computer’s operating system
           • UTILITIES
             • Are used to carry on specific tasks on a computer
               • Example: antivirus
           • OPERATING SYSTEM
             • Is the base to run a computer background it control basic functions and the user to manipulate the computer
           • USER INTERFACE
             • COMMAND LINE INTERFACE (CLI)
               • Requires the user to type in instruyctions to manage the computer, it also uses commands
             • GRAPHICS USER INTERFACE (GLI)
               • Uses icons and pictures to allow the user to communicate with the computer

2. THE EFFECTS OF ICT

   • LAPTOP
     • ADVANTAGE
       • They are portable
         • It has no traiiling wires, and can link to any multimedia system
     • DISADVANTAGE
       • They are easy to steal
         • They have limited battery, it is necessary to carry the charger
   • DESKTOP COMPUTER
     • ADVANTAGE
       • -It has lower costs, compared to laptops
         • -it has better specifications such as faster processors
     • DISADVANTAGE
       • They are not portable
         • They are more complicated since the have various components

3. TAKEN FROM: cAMBRIDGE IGCSE, ICT SECOND EDITION. Graham Brown, Brian Sargent, David Watson.

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