Grammar Summary Unit 12

Grammar Summary Unit 12

1. Third Conditional: If-clause and the main clause. The if-clause is followed by a comma.

   • The sentence can also begin with the main clause, in which case there is no comma.

2. Third conditional: if-clause and the main clause. The if-clause is followed by a comma. we can contract both had in the if-clause and would in the main clause to ´d.

   • The sentence can also begin with the main clause, in which case there is no comma.
     • We use the Third Conditional to talk about events that did not happen. We imagine the event and we imagine the result.
       • Questions with the third conditional are usually made by using yhe question form of the main clause, not the if-clause.

3. Mixed conditional sentences. We use mixed third + second conditional sentences to talk about a past condition and its result in the present or the future

   • if+past perfect+would+infinitive without to
   • Mixed second + third conditional if+past simple+would have+ past participle
     • We use to talk about a present condition and its imagined past result.

4. Wish. We use to express regrets.

   • We use wish+past simple to talk about something that is the opposite of how we want it. Its use is linked to the use of the third conditional.
     • We don´t often say don´t wish or didn´t wish. We can say both i Wish I + past simple and I wish I+ past perfect.

5. Past Modals. We can use the modals could (not), might (not), should (not) and must (not) instead of would with have + past participle.

   • We use could have and might have + past participle in third conditional patterns to talk about possible actions as a result of imagined past events.
     • We dont use couldnt have + past participle with third conditional patterns. things that were impossible.
       • We use should have and shouldnt have + past participle to criticize past actions. It can also express regret.
         • We use must have + past participle to express a deduction about a past event.