Terrorism

Terrorism

1. IRA

   • Aims
     • Reduce British influence in Ireland
     • Create a united island of Ireland
   • Leader:
     • Gerry Adams
   • Grievances
     • Poverty - most of the members of the IRA came from poor Catholic communities.
   • Attacks
     • Birmingham Pub Bombings. Timed bombs that went off in two different pubs killing 21 and injuring 182 people.
       • Achieved the Good Friday Agreement in 1998.
         • The Good Friday agreement was a commitment by all parties to exclusively peaceful and democratic means.
   • Tactics
     • They took hostages, carried out bombings, shootings and bank robberies. They used propaganda to show the Irish community that they were being treated unfairly by the British.
   • Motive
     • They felt they had no independence and that they were treated unfairly by Britain

2. Al Quaeda

   • Leader
     • Osama Bin Laden
   • Tactics
     • Gain support and awareness by carrying out attacks. They were a hardcore Muslim organisation, and belonged to a network with other groups, sharing their views, so they could inspire and influence them. They provided finance training to support terrorist attacks.
   • Motive
     • They did not like the power that the West had over them
   • Grievances
     • Al-Quaeda were affected by the dominance and power the West had over them
   • Aims
     • Reduce foreign influence in Muslim countries
     • Destroy the State Of isreal
   • Attacks
     • The 9/11 attacks - Planes were flown by suicide bombers into targeted buildings (the world trade center) on an attack on the US
   • Success
     • They raised a lot of awareness and inspired other groups to fight for what they believed in. However they were unable to achieve any of their aims.

3. PLO

   • Motive
     • They believed that Pakistan was originally theirs
   • Leader
     • Yasser Arafat
   • Aims
     • Destroy the state of Israel and gain the land they had been disputing over - Pakistan
   • Tactics
     • Attacked innocent civilians with underground warfare
     • Hijacked planes to free PLO prisoners
     • They attacked Israel using artillery fire
   • Attacks
     • Munich Olympic Games attack - they took hostage and killed 11 Israel Olympians. They demanded the release of 234 prisoners.
     • Black September in 1970 where there was a civil war in Jordan between the PLO and the Jordanian armed forces.
   • Grievances
     • Poverty - Many recruits came from the bad conditions of refugee camps to join the PLO as this gave them status and importance
     • Disputed land - Palestinians lost what they thought of as their land. They also had a powerful enemy in the Jews.