Migration

Migration

1. Home Country

   • Social Impacts
     • Marriage rates fall
     • Family structures can break down
     • Loss of cultral leadership and tradition
   • Economic Impacts
     • Farming delines
       • Land is abandoned
     • Migrants return home
       • Bring new skills
     • Skilled & Educated people leave
       • Brain drain
       • Labour shortages
       • Reduced pressure on resources
     • Remittances sent back
       • Economic gain
   • Economic Costs
     • Regions of out-migration
       • Spiral of deciline
         • Difficult to stop
     • Loss of young adult labour force
       • Brain drain
         • Slow economic development
       • Deter inward investments
         • By private organisations
         • Increased dependance on governement initiatives
     • Returning retired migrants
       • Increase social expectations
         • Demand for better leisure facilities
   • Social Costs
     • Returning retired migrants
       • Support mechanisms not in place
         • Social cost on the community
     • Population density reduced & birth rate decreases
       • Younger adults that migrate
         • Do not return
           • Imbalance of population pyramid
         • More men leave
           • Disproportionate amount of females
     • Perceived benefits of migration
       • Encourages migration
         • Effects social structure
   • Economic Benefits
     • Reduced under-employment
     • Returning Migrants
       • Bring new skills
         • Economic development
     • Send remittances home
       • Reinvested in home economy projects
         • New buildings & services
       • Improves
         • Education and health facilities
   • Social Benefits
     • Less pressure on resources
       • Basic food supplies
       • Services
         • Healthcare
     • Political
       • Policies
         • Encourage natural increase
         • Encourage immigration
           • Counteract "outflow" of migration
           • Develops resources
         • Requests for international aid

2. Host Country

   • Social Impacts
     • Marriage rates rise
     • New food, clothes, music etc. are introduced
     • Increased social tension
     • New group of people
       • Create friction
         • Especially if cultural identity is retained
     • Local people
       • positive or negative attitude
         • Towards migrants
     • Pressure on resources
   • Economic Impact
     • Migrants return home
       • Export skills
         • Reverse 'Brain Drain'
     • Remittances sent home
       • Economic Loss
         • For host country
     • Labour surplus
       • Those with skills/education
         • New impetus into economy
       • Great take up of menial jobs
   • Economic Costs
     • Over-dependence on some industries
       • Upon migrant labour
         • E.G construction industry in UK
     • Costs of eduction
       • For migrant children
       • Met by host country
     • Money earnt
       • E.G. pension payments
       • Repatriated to home country
     • Added pressure on resources
       • Healthcare & Education
     • Cost of retiremnet
       • Transferred to home country