11.3 Sampling techniques

Sampling animals
1. Pooter - used to catch small insects by sucking into a mouthpiece
2. Sweep nets - catch insects in tall grass
3. Pitfall traps - used to catch small crawling insects, a hole is dug in the ground and animals fall into it
4. Kick sampling - river bank/bed is dislodged and a net is held downstream to catch creatures.
5. Tree beating - used to catch invertebrates living in a tree/bush. Tree and animals fall onto sheet below.
Sampling plants
1. Point quadrat - frame containing a horizontal bar. pins are pushed through the bar until they reach the ground. Each species that touches the ground is recorded.
2. Frame quadrat - A square divided into a grid, the type and name of each species is recorded in each section
  1. Its used to work out % cover
  2. Measuring density - Large plants can be planted and a density per 1m squared can be calculated
  3. Frequency
    1. used when individual members of a species are hard to count
    2. Can count how many squares aspecies is present in.
3. Quadrats are a form of random sampling
Capture mark recapture
1. capture animals and mark them
2. Release them
3. Allow organisms to redistribute themselves
4. take another sample
5. Compare number of marked to number of unmarked
  1. More marked = smaller population
6. Can also be used to calculate species evenness
Measuring Abiotic factors
1. Windspeed
  1. Sensor = Anemometer
  2. Units = m/s
2. Light intensity
  1. Sensor = light meter
  2. Unit = lx
3. Relative humidity
  1. Sensor = humidity sensor
  2. Units = mg dm-3
4. pH
  1. Sensor = pH probe
  2. Units = pH
5. Temperature
  1. Sensor = temperature probe
  2. Units = degrees celcius

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Point+Quadrat (binary/octet-stream)

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11.3 Sampling techniques

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