Modal Verbs

Modal Verbs

1. Modals and semi-modals

   • Ability
     • Could
     • Be able to
     • Can
   • Advice and suggestion
     • Should
     • Shouldn't
     • Ought to
     • Could
   • Necessity, obligation & prohibition
     • Must
     • Have to
     • Mustn't
   • Peermission & request
     • May
     • Can
     • Could
   • Possibility & Certainty
     • Must
     • Can't
     • May / Might
     • Could
   • Lack of obligation & necessity
     • Don't have to
     • Needn't

2. Modals Perfect

   • Pass Possibility
     • Could Have
     • May / Might have
   • Ability and willingness to do something in the past, but the action did not happen.
     • Could Have
     • Would Have
   • Certainty about the past
     • Can't / Couldn't have
     • Must have
   • Criticism of past actions
     • Should have
     • Should't have

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