P1 mind map (not finished)

P1 mind map (not finished)

1. Energy Transfer by heating(P1.1)

   • Infrared Radiation
     • Hotter = More IR emitted
     • Part of the Electromagnetic Spectrum
     • Energy can be radiated/emitted and it can be absorbed
     • Dark, matt objects are good absorbers
     • Light, shiny objects are bad absorbers/good reflectors
   • States of Matter
     • Particles
       • Solid
         • fixed positions, vibrate, generally least energy
       • Liquids
         • move about at random, generally less energy than gas but more than solids
       • Gas
         • move about at random faster, further apart, generally most energy
   • Conduction
     • Metals are best conductors
     • Materials like wool and fibreglass are best insulators
     • Non-metals are poor conductors because they don't contain free electrons
     • When a metal is heated the free electrons at the hot end gain kinetic energy
       • these electrons diffuse (spread out) and collide with other free electrons and ions in the cooler parts, transferring kinetic energy
         • metals contain a lot of free electrons, in non-metal solids the electrons are held in the atoms
   • Convection
     • Caused by heating a gas or liquid
     • Only happens in liquids and gases
     • Heating a gas or liquid makes it less dense so it rises and causes circulation
   • Condensation
     • Cooling by evaporation of a liquid is due to the faster-moving molecules escaping from the liquid
     • Evaporation can be increased by increasing the surface area of the liquid, by increasing the liquid's temperature, or by creating a draught of air across the liquid's surface
     • Condensation on a surface can be increased by increasing the area of the surface or reducing the temperature of the surface
   • Specific Heat Capacity

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