Substructure_1

Substructure_1

1. Foundation Systems

   • Piling
   • Raft
   • Trench
   • Strip

2. Ground Improvement System

   • Improvement of Poor Quality Soil
     • Stone Columns
       • The Effectiveness of Stone Columns
       • The Costs of Stone Colums
       • Comparison Between Another Alternative
         • Inclusion of all elements to evaluate the use of stone columns in Aberdeen paying attention to cost
       • Use of Stone Columns in Aberdeen
     • Vibro-Flotation
   • Improvement of Contaminated Soil

3. Basement Construction

   • Piled Walls
   • Diaphragm Walls

4. Tanking Systems

   • Waterproof
   • Water Resistant