conditionals and wishes

conditionals and wishes

1. conditionals

   • zero
     • common states or events
       • if/when + presenta simple + present simple
         • if she knows you well, she's more talkative
   • first
     • possible future states or events
       • if/ when + p.s/ continuous + will/ be going to
         • if you away to study you'll meet a lot of people. I'm going to start without him if he doesn't came soon
   • second
     • unlikely or imaginary states or events in the presents or future
       • if / p.s / continuous / + would / could / should / migth
         • if she spoke spanish she could apply for the job in Madrid. If they had the money, they would leave their jobs and travel the world
   • third
     • imaginary states or events in the past
       • if / past perfect + would / could / should / might + have + past participle
         • if we had studied other cultures at school, we might have been more confident about travelling. If you had arrived in Japan three months ago, you would have seen the cherry blossom
   • mixed
     • a third conditional cause in sometimes linked to a second conditional result
       • if my parents had never met, i wouldn't be here now !
     • a second conditional cause is sometimes linked to a third conditional result
       • if i know anything about computers, i would have applied for a webs he desing job
   • other
     • make suggestions or to give advice or intructions
       • if / when + p.s + imperative
         • if you need a translator, please let me know. Get off the train when you get to the third station
     • make suggestions or offer advice
       • if / when + p.s p.f + can / could / would / should / migth
         • she could give marfin the message if she sees him later. If you have studied english you should try to speak it

2. wishes

   • wish + past simple
     • we want a situation in the present (or future) to be different
       • i wish i ate more vegetables. ( but i don't )
     • wish + past continuous
       • we want to be doing a different activity in the present ( or the future)
         • i wish it weren't raining now. ( it is raining now ).
       • wish + past perfect
         • we want to be able to change a situation in the past
           • i wish i hadn't done it. ( i did it ).
         • wish + would
           • we want something to happen. We want someone to start doing something. We want someone to stop doing something which annoys us
             • i wish the lesson would end. I wish you'd listen to me !. I wish you wouldn't borrow my clothes.
           • wish + to infinitive
             • we can also use "wish" to express "want" in a formal situation
               • I wish to make a complaint and would like to see the manager