Energy: ATP

Energy: ATP

1. Photosynthesis

   • Autotrophic organisms make organic compounds from Carbon Dioxide. They rely on Photosynthesis.
   • Light Dependent Reaction
     • Electron Transport Chain
       • Makes ATP.
       • Aims: 1) Produce ATP. 2) Photolysis of Water
       • 1. A photon of light hits a chlorophyll molecule. Energy is transferred to the electrons.
         • 2. Electrons excited: Raised to higher energy level
           • 3.Leaves Chlorophyll molecule immediately
             • 4. Picked up by an electron carrier/acceptor. Through a series of redox reactions and moving down acceptors at different energy levels, energy is then released to help form ADP+Pi--->ATP
               • 5.NADP then picks up the electron, becoming reduced NADP
                 • Reduced NADP
                 • 6. The Chlorophyll now needs to be restocked of electrons, so photolysis of water occurs.
                   • Photolysis
                     • 4OH- - 4e- (lost to chlorophyll) ---> O2 + 2H2O
                       • Oxygen
               • ATP
     • Occurs in Thylakoid
   • Light Independent Reaction
     • Calvin Cycle
     • Occurs in the Stroma
   • 6CO2+6H20---->C6H12O2+6O2

2. Needed for life

   • Consisting of an Adenine base, ribose sugar and triphosphate. Each bond between the phosphates is broken to release energy through a hydrolysis reaction. This is catalysed by ATPase. ADP is then formed and a free inorganic phosphate. It is a reversible reaction.
     • Redox

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