Atomic Structure

Atomic Structure

1. Atom Models

   • The atom is a ball of charge with electrons scatter with it
   • Alpha Scattering Experiment - Rutherford discovered that the mass is concentrated at the centre and the nucleus is charged. Most atoms are empty space
   • Bihr theorized that the electrons were in shells orbiting the nucleus.

2. Isotopes

   • Elements with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. They have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
   • Can decay and give out radiation.

3. Alpha particles

   • Alpha radiation is an alpha particle emitted from the nucleus of radioactive nuclei. It is made from two protons and two neutrons.
   • least penetrating
     • can be stopped by skin and paper
   • Highly ionising

4. Gamma Rays

   • most penetrating
     • stopped by thick lead and concrete

5. Beta Particles

   • Fast moving electron
   • can be stopped by a thick piece of aluminium
   • emitted by an atom when a neutron splits into a proton and an electron

6. Half-life

   • time taken for the number of radioactive nuclei in an isotope to halve.

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