B1: Chapter 4: Early Cognitive Development

B1: Chapter 4: Early Cognitive Development

1. Do children have innate knowledge?

   • Piaget empiricism: understanding of represntations ( hold in mind a representation of smthing) develop over time
     • Mandler 1983: 2 types of representaion. Procedual - know how. Declarative - mental rep e.g 4+4=8 and be able to explain it.
   • Meltzoff and Moore 1977 Nativist: Imitation from birth
     • Piaget imitation 1951: 3 levels divided into 6 stages from 0-24mths. Imitation crying -hand gestures- actions on objs- facial- certain new behaviours- deferred imitation. Not fully dev unitl 9-12mths
       • small study- his kids.
         • Later studies 1975 cooberrated Piagetian theory infants can only imitate what they have in their repertoire
     • Even in first days poss to see imitation. Used groups, able to manipulate conditions
       • Not possible for the blind judges to code no imitaion.
   • difficuit to know because children develop so quickly

2. When do infants realise objects permanetly exist?

   • Piaget: not until 8-9 mths do infants look for ob
   • Bower: infants dont look because physically can't
   • Violation of expectation: more time spent looking at events that are impossible. Habitutation: less attention is paid to familar events
   • Searching in the dark study:
   • Memory: Piaget's A not B error. child habitusted to toy under under A, then placed under B in plain sight but still looks under A.
     • Piaget theorised this was because of egocentriciy

3. What's the relationship between physiology +psychology?

   • Piaget: physical development helps to build schemas which in turn aid cog dev