UNIT 2: GOING PLACES

UNIT 2: GOING PLACES

1. READING

   • The climate - El clima
   • The language - El idioma
   • The food - La comida
   • Local customs - Costumbres locales
   • National borders - Fronteras
   • Remain - Sigue siendo
   • Droughts - Sequías
   • Destination - Destinos
   • Annual - Anual
   • Principally - Principalmente
   • Possessions - Posesiones
   • Diet - Dieta

2. GRAMMAR

   • RELATIVE CLAUSES
     • - Which - Objeto - Who - Persona Which and who can be replaced by "that"- Where - Lugar - When - Tiempo - Whose - Cuyo
     • DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSE
       • RULE We use defining relative clause to identify an object (which / that), a person (who / that), a pace (where) or a possession (whose). Without this information, it's hard to know who or what we're talking about.We do not use a comma in these clauses.
       • EXAMPLE
         • - Lucano used buildings WHICH HAD BEEN EMPTY FOR YEARS to house the knew arrivals.
     • NON - DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSE
       • RULE We use a non - defining relative clause to add extra information. We don't need this information to understand the sentence. We put commas around it.
       • EXAMPLE
         • - Lucano, WHO BECAME MAYOR OF RIACE IN 2004, has managed to create jobs.
   • WHICH TO REFER TO A WHOLE CLAUSE
     • RULE  When we want to refer back to a clause or an idea, we use the relative pronoun which (not that or what)
     • This phone is very good, which is why it's so popular
   • OMITTING RELATIVE PRONOUNS
     • RULE When the relative pronouns that / which / who are the object of a defining relative clause, they can be omitted. But if they are the subject of the defining relative clause, they can't be omitted.
     • EXAMPLES OF A PRONOUN WHICH CAN BE OMITTED
       • - You'll miss the friends (who) you used to hang out with. - We can omit this relative pronoun because it is the object of a defining relative clause.
     • EXAMPLES OF A PRONOUN WHICH CAN'T BE OMITTED
       • - There's no country in the world that / which suits everybody. - We can't omit these pronouns because they are the subject of the defining relative clause.
   • REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES
     • RULE When relative clauses begin with a relative pronoun + the auxiliary verb be + ing / past participle(-ed), we can omit:  - The relative pronoun + the verb be.
     • EXAMPLE
       • - I´m a student (who is) living and studying in France.

3. VOCABULARY

   • PHRASAL VERBS
     • Put up with - Tolerar / aguantar
       • EXAMPLE - It's not nice to hear people criticize you, but you have to put up with it.
     • Bring about - Hacer que suceda
       • EXAMPLE - Living abroad can bring about some challenges and difficulties.
     • Run into - Encontrarse con alguien
       • EXAMPLE - I ran into some people who wanted to leave France.
     • Turn out - Resultar
       • EXAMPLE - Living abroad is turning out to be a great experience for me.
     • Hang out with - Salir con alguien
       • EXAMPLE - Sometimes you miss the friends you used to hang out with.
     • Pick up - Aprender
       • EXAMPLE - You have to pick up a lot of new vocabulary.
     • Go through - Experimentar una situación difícil
       • EXAMPLE - Being homesick is a phase that you have to go through.
     • Wear out - Hacer que alguien esté muy cansado
       • EXAMPLE - Speaking another language all day wears me out.
   • GROUPS OF PEOPLE
     • 3. Pedestrians - Peatones
     • 5. The crew - Tripulación
     • 7. Employees - Empleados
     • 9. Immigrants - Inmigrantes
     • 10. Politicians - Políticos
     • 11. Refugees - Refugiados
     • 2. Motorists - Conductores
     • 1. The audience - La audiencia
     • 4. Residents - Residentes
     • 6. The staff - Los empleados
     • 8. Employers - Los que contratan a los empleados

4. FUNCTIONS: EXPRESSING SURPRISE

   • That's quite a distance - Es una gran distancia
     • EXAMPLE: - Next week Rebecca's going to run a 15-kilometre race. That's quite a distance
   • Unbelievable! Good heavens - ¡Increíble! Cielo Santo...
   • It's amazing, isn't it? - Es increíble / asombroso, ¿no?
     • EXAMPLE: - Next week Rebecca's going to run a 15-kilometre race. That's quite a distance. - Yes, it is. And she only started running a month ago, too. That's amazing, isn't it?
   • Wow! That's phenomenal - ¡Wow! Está fenomenal
     • EXAMPLE: - I heard that you got 95%. That's phenomenal. Well done!
   • That's incredible - Es increíble
     • EXAMPLE: - Thanks. I could hardly believe it. And my parents thought it was incredible.