Energy: transfer and conservation

Energy: transfer and conservation

1. Specific Heat

   • Some objects heat differently than others. When heat is applied to an object, temperature increases, it depends on the size and material of it. The specific amount of heat that can be stored in the material is the same as the amount of energy that is needed to be added to it so that this temperature rises.
   • SI units are represented by C and measured in J/kg-k.

2. Calorimetry

   • A calorimeter is a device that measures changes in thermal energy. This is calculated based on the resulting increase in water temperature.
   • The conservation of energy is when the substance of this calorimeter is closed and isolated so that heat transfer with the outside world is almost none. Inside this a mass of a substance that has been heated is placed, it also has a mass of cold water at a measured temperature. Causing the heat released by the substance's first substance and is transferred to the colder water.

3. Changes in states of matter

   • Melting point
     • Substances start to increase their temperature when we add heat to them, and when temperature stops increasing, meaning it hits 0° celsius, it means the substance is melting
   • Boiling point
     • The heat you add goes toward changing its phase from solid to liquid; once it’s all melted, the temperature of the substance increases again by adding heat, until it gets to 100 degrees. Now the temperature is not changing, it means the substance is now boiling.
   • Heat of fusion
     • A change from solid to liquid is known as the heat of fusion.
   • Heat of vaporization
     • A change from liquid to gas is known as the heat of evaporation.
   • Latent heat
     • Latent heat is the amount of heat required to change the phase of matter, and its value depends on the substance and on the phase change.

4. 1st Law of Thermodynamics

   • The first law of thermodynamics states that the change in thermal energy of an object is equal to the heat added to the object minus the work done by the object. ΔU Q and W are all measured in joules, units of energy.
   • Also involves the study of the changes in thermal properties of matter. Is merely a restatement of the law of conservation of energy, this states that energy is neither created nor destroyed, this can be changed in other forms.

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